normal

See also: Normal and normál

Languages (21)

English

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English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti

Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱétider.

Proto-Hellenic *gignṓskō

Ancient Greek γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)

Proto-Indo-European *-mṓ

Ancient Greek -μων (-mōn)

Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn)bor.

Etruscanbor.?

Latin norma

Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-

Proto-Indo-European *-is

Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?

Proto-Italic *-ālis

Latin -ālis

Latin nōrmālisder.

English normal

From Latin normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square; later: according to a rule”), from nōrma (“carpenter's square”), of uncertain origin; equivalent to norm +‎ -al, doublet of normale. The earliest meaning of the word in English was "perpendicular; forming a right angle" like something normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square”), but by Late Latin normālis had also come to mean "according to a rule", from which modern English senses of the word derive: in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height, weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be called "normal", and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called "normal" regardless of their usuality.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔː.məl/, [ˈnɔː.mɫ̩]
• (General American, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈnoɹ.məl/, [ˈnoɹ.mɫ̩]

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• (dialects of the US) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔ.məl/, [ˈnɔ.mɫ̩]
• (Australia, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ˈnoː.məl/, [ˈnoː.mɫ̩]
• Hyphenation: norm‧al
• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)məl

Adjective

normal (comparative more normal or (both colloquial) normaler or normaller, superlative most normal or (both colloquial) normalest or normallest)

1. According to norms or rules or to a regular pattern.

   Synonyms: customary, ordinary, standard, typical, usual; see also Thesaurus:normal

   Antonyms: unconventional, nonstandard, unusual, special

   Organize the data into third normal form.

   • 2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.

     Prescription drugs, they help me through the day
     And that restraining order keeps me well at bay
     And what's normal now, anyway?

   • 2014, Michael Rush, Politics & Society, Routledge, →ISBN, page 210:

     In other words, although the legal processes were observed, it was not a normal transfer of power within each of the ruling communist parties. […] Demonstrations of the sort that brought about the collapse of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe were not normal, and where attempts had previously been made to hold them, they were invariably suppressed by force.

   • 2022 October 29, Felix Bazalgette, “'It was more than a pub' – the story of five boozers forced to call last orders”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian‎^[1], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 5 February 2023:

     More than a third of the new flats will be a mix of council rent and "affordable" rent – definitions vary but often this is taken to mean that their cost won't exceed 80% of the normal market rate.

   1. (mathematics) Adhering to or being what is considered natural or regular in a particular field or context:
      1. (number theory, of a real number) In whose representation in a given base b ≥ 2, for every positive integer n, the bⁿ possible strings of n digits follow a uniform distribution.

         A number whose individual digits in a given base representation follow a uniform distribution is said to be simply normal.

         A number that is normal for every base b ≥ 2 is said to be absolutely normal.

      2. (algebra, of a subgroup) With cosets which form a group.
      3. (algebra, of a field extension of a field K) Which is the splitting field of a family of polynomials in K.
      4. (probability theory, statistics, of a distribution, random variable, etc.) Which has a very specific bell curve shape; that is or has the qualities of a normal distribution.

         Synonyms: Gaussian, standard normal

      5. (complex analysis, of a family of continuous functions) Which is pre-compact.
      6. (set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology.
      7. (linear algebra, of a matrix) Which commutes with its conjugate transpose.
      8. (functional analysis, of a Hilbert space operator) Which commutes with its adjoint.
      9. (category theory, of a morphism) Which is the kernel or cokernel of some morphism, respectively.
      10. (category theory, of a category) Which contains only normal morphisms.
      11. (topology, of a topology or topological space) In which disjoint closed sets can be separated by disjoint neighborhoods.
      12. (commutative algebra, of a domain) Integrally closed: equal its own integral closure in its field of fractions.
      13. (commutative algebra, of a ring) Such that all of its localizations at prime ideals are integrally closed domains.
      14. (algebraic geometry, of a variety or scheme) Such that the local ring at every point is an integrally closed domain.
2. Usual, healthy; not sick or ill or unlike oneself.

   Synonyms: hale, healthy, well; see also Thesaurus:healthy

   Antonyms: ill, poorly (British), sick, unwell; see also Thesaurus:ill

   John is feeling normal again.

   1. (fandom slang, sarcastic, with “about”) Fervently interested in a subject; obsessed.

      Synonym: fanatical

      I wrote a 30-page analysis of the show’s villain because I’m very normal about them.

3. (education, of a school) Teaching teachers how to teach; teaching teachers the norms of education.

   My grandmother attended Mankato State Normal School; my grandfather attended Illinois State Normal University.

   • 1928, Western Montana College, Western Montana College of Education, Catalogue of the Montana State Normal College, page 10:

     PURPOSE AND SCOPE[:] The State Normal College prepares teachers for the public schools of Montana. It accomplishes its work through professional courses, directed observation of expert teaching, and  […]

4. (chemistry) Of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution.
5. (organic chemistry) Describing a straight chain isomer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which a substituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon.
6. (physics, of a mode in an oscillating system) In which all parts of an object vibrate at the same frequency (a normal mode).
7. (rail transport, of points) In the default position, set for the most frequently used route.

   Antonym: reverse

9. (geometry) Perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or tangent plane of a surface.

   Synonyms: at right angles to, perpendicular, orthogonal

   Antonym: tangential

   The interior normal vector of a perfect sphere always point toward the center, and the exterior normal vector directly away, and both are always collinear with the ray whose tip ends at the point of intersection, which is the intersection of all three sets of points.

Usage notes

• When used to describe a group of people, normal can be understood as meaning those not part of the group are strange or freakish. Its usage can therefore be understood as offensive to those it excludes.

Derived terms

• abnormal
• algebraic normal form
• antinormal
• Backus normal form
• binormal
• Boyce-Codd normal form
• canonical conjunctive normal form
• canonical disjunctive normal form
• centinormal
• clausal normal form
• conjunctive normal form
• conormal
• Covid normal
• decanormal
• decinormal
• denormal
• disjunctive normal form
• Earth-normal
• equinormal
• extranormal
• fifth normal form
• first normal form
• fourth normal form
• have a normal one
• heteronormal
• hypernormal
• hyponormal
• immunonormal
• lognormal
• log-normal distribution
• malnormal
• millinormal
• multinormal
• new normal
• nonnormal
• normal basis
• normalcy
• normal depth
• normaldom
• normal extension
• normalfag
• normal fault
• normal force
• normal form
• normal form game
• normal for Norfolk
• normal good
• normal histology
• normalhood
• normal hydrogen
• normal hydrogen electrode
• normalise, normalize
• normalish
• Normal Island
• normalism
• normalist
• normality
• normalization
• normal lens
• normallo
• normally
• normal mode
• normalness
• normaloid
• normal pause
• normalphobia
• normalphobic
• normal potential
• normal profit
• normal random variable
• normal saline
• normal school
• normal space
• normal subgroup
• normal time
• normal vector
• normalwise
• norman
• normie
• normophile
• orthonormal
• paranormal
• perinormal
• polynormal
• postnormal
• prenex normal form
• preternormal
• pronormal
• pseudonormal
• quasinormal
• ring sum normal form
• second normal form
• seminormal
• standard normal distribution
• standard normal random variable
• subnormal
• supernormal
• supranormal
• surface normal
• third normal form
• transnormal
• ultranormal
• unnormal

Related terms

• norm

Translations

according to norms or rules

• Arabic: عَادِيّ (ʕādiyy)
• Belarusian: нарма́льны (narmálʹny)
• Bulgarian: нормален (bg) (normalen)
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 正常 (zing³ soeng⁴)

  Mandarin: 正常 (zh) (zhèngcháng), 通常 (zh) (tōngcháng), 常態 / 常态 (zh) (chángtài)

• Czech: normální (cs)
• Danish: normal (da), almindelig (da)
• Dutch: normaal (nl)
• Estonian: normaalne
• Finnish: säännönmukainen (fi)
• French: normal (fr)
• Galician: normal (gl)
• German: normal (de)
• Greek: φυσιολογικός (el) (fysiologikós)
• Hebrew: נורמלי (he) m (normáli)
• Hungarian: rendes (hu), normál (hu) , normális (hu)
• Ido: normala (io)
• Irish: please add this translation if you can
• Italian: normale (it)
• Japanese: 正常 (ja) (せいじょう, seijō), 通常 (ja) (つうじょう, tsūjō), 常態 (ja) (じょうたい, jōtai)
• Latin: normalis
• Latvian: normāls, parasts
• Macedonian: нормален (normalen)
• Maltese: normali m
• Naga:

  Khiamniungan Naga: vâu, vâu c pl

• Nǀuu: please add this translation if you can
• Old English: ġewunelīċ
• Persian: نرمال (fa) (normâl)
• Pohnpeian: unsek
• Polish: normalny (pl)
• Portuguese: normal (pt) n
• Romanian: normal (ro)
• Russian: норма́льный (ru) (normálʹnyj)
• Scottish Gaelic: please add this translation if you can
• Serbo-Croatian: please add this translation if you can
• Spanish: normal (es)
• Swedish: normal (sv)
• Thai: ธรรมดา (th) (tam-má-daa), ปกติ (th) (bpà-gà-dtì), ปรกติ (th) (bpròk-gà-dtì)
• Ukrainian: норма́льний (uk) (normálʹnyj)
• Welsh: arferol (cy)
• Yiddish: נאָרמאַל (normal)

usual, ordinary

• Albanian: please add this translation if you can
• Arabic: عَادِيّ (ʕādiyy), طَبِيعِيّ (ar) (ṭabīʕiyy)
• Armenian: հասարակ (hy) (hasarak), նորմալ (hy) (normal)
• Belarusian: нарма́льны (narmálʹny)
• Bulgarian: обикновен (bg) (obiknoven)
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 正常 (zh) (zhèngcháng)

• Czech: normální (cs)
• Dutch: normaal (nl), normale (nl), gewoon (nl), gewone (nl)
• Esperanto: normala
• Estonian: harilik
• Finnish: säännöllinen (fi)
• French: normal (fr), ordinaire (fr)
• Galician: normal (gl)
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: normal (de)
• Greek: φυσιολογικός (el) (fysiologikós)
• Haitian Creole: nòmal
• Hebrew: רגיל (he) m (ragíl)
• Hindi: साधारण (hi) (sādhāraṇ), ठीक (hi) (ṭhīk)
• Hungarian: rendes (hu), szokványos (hu), szokásos (hu), megszokott (hu), mindennapos (hu), átlagos (hu)
• Icelandic: venjulegur (is), eðlilegur (is)
• Indonesian: normal (id), biasa (id)
• Irish: normálta, gnáth-, gnách
• Isan: please add this translation if you can
• Italian: normale (it)
• Japanese: 普通 (ja) (ふつう, futsū)
• Kazakh: қалыпты (qalıptı)
• Khmer: ធម្មតា (km) (tʰoammeaʔdaa)
• Korean: 정상의 (ko) (jeongsang-ui)
• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Latvian: parasts, ierasts, pierasts, normāls
• Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
• Māori: pūnoa
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Naga:

  Khiamniungan Naga: vâu

• Nepali: ठीक (ṭhīk), साधारण (sādhāraṇ)
• Norwegian: normal (no), ordinær (no), vanlig (no), alminnelig (no)
• Old English: ġewunelīċ
• Persian: نرمال (fa) (normâl)
• Pohnpeian: unsek
• Polish: normalny (pl), zwykły (pl), zwyczajny (pl)
• Portuguese: normal (pt)
• Romanian: obișnuit (ro), normal (ro), uzual (ro)
• Russian: норма́льный (ru) (normálʹnyj), обыкнове́нный (ru) (obyknovénnyj), обы́чный (ru) (obýčnyj)
• Sanskrit: सामान्य (sa) (sāmānya)
• Serbo-Croatian: please add this translation if you can
• Shan: please add this translation if you can
• Spanish: normal (es)
• Swedish: normal (sv)
• Thai: ธรรมดา (th) (tam-má-daa), ปกติ (th) (bpà-gà-dtì), ปรกติ (th) (bpròk-gà-dtì)

  Northern Thai: please add this translation if you can

  Southern Thai: please add this translation if you can

• Tibetan: རྒྱུན་ཆགས (rgyun chags), རྒྱུན་འཇགས (rgyun 'jags), རྒྱུན་གཏན (rgyun gtan), རྒྱུན་ཚུགས (rgyun tshugs), རྒྱུན་འཛུགས (rgyun 'dzugs)
• Turkish: normal (tr), olağan (tr)
• Ukrainian: норма́льний (uk) (normálʹnyj)
• Urdu: معمولی (ma'mūlī), عام ('ām), سادھارن (sādhāran)
• Vietnamese: bình thường (vi)
• Yiddish: נאָרמאַל (normal)

healthy; not sick or ill

• Armenian: նորմալ (hy) (normal)
• Bulgarian: здрав (bg) (zdrav) (general), нормален (bg) (normalen) (not insane)
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Czech: normální (cs)
• Danish: rask (da)
• Finnish: normaali (fi)
• Hungarian: jól (hu)
• Indonesian: normal (id), sehat (id)
• Persian: نرمال (fa) (normâl)
• Polish: normalny (pl)
• Spanish: normal (es), bien (es), sano (es)
• Swedish: normal (sv)

pertaining to a school to teach teachers how to teach

• Bulgarian: ^{(please verify)} нормативен (normativen)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 師範 / 师范 (zh) (shīfàn)

• Dutch: normaal (nl)
• French: normal (fr)
• Hungarian: tanárképző (hu)

rail transport, of points: in the default position

• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Catalan: normal (ca)

Noun

normal (countable and uncountable, plural normals)

2. (geometry, countable) A line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane.
3. (medicine, countable) A person who is healthy, normal, as opposed to one who is morbid.
   • 2014, Ahmet Celik, Edibe Saricicek, Vahap Saricicek, Elif Sahin, Gokhan Ozdemir, Metin Kilinc, Ayten Oguz, Relation between the new anthropometric obesity parameters and inflammatory markers in healthy adult men‎^[2], SCIRJ:

     Subjects were grouped as Group 1 and Group 2 according to VAI, and normals, overweights and obeses according to BMI.

4. (slang, countable) A person who is normal, who fits into mainstream society, as opposed to those who live alternative lifestyles.
5. (countable, uncountable) The usual state.

   I was quite ill for a while, but latterly seem to have returned to normal.

   His workload is now back to normal.

   Heavy workload is the new normal.

   • 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 269:

     Still, there was a hitch somewhere in the gathering that threw it out of normal.

Synonyms

• (normal person): see Thesaurus:mainstreamer

Translations

mathematics: a line perpendicular to another

• Armenian: նորմալ (hy) (normal)
• Bulgarian: перпендикуляр m (perpendikuljar), нормала f (normala)
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 法線 / 法线 (zh) (fǎxiàn)

• Dutch: normaal (nl) f, loodlijn (nl) f
• Estonian: normaal
• Finnish: normaali (fi)
• French: normale (fr) f
• German: Normale (de) f
• Greek: κάθετος (el) f (káthetos)
• Hungarian: merőleges (hu)
• Irish: normal m
• Japanese: 法線 (ja) (ほうせん,hōsen)
• Korean: 법선 (beopseon)
• Latvian: perpendikuls (lv) m, normāle f
• Māori: rārangi hāngai
• Portuguese: normal (pt) f
• Russian: норма́ль (ru) f (normálʹ)
• Spanish: normal (es) f
• Swedish: normal (sv) c
• Vietnamese: pháp tuyến

person who fits in

• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Polish: normik (pl) m pers

Anagrams

• Morlan, Marlon, Larmon, Molnar

Asturian

Adjective

normal (epicene, plural normales)

1. normal

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal

1. normal

Derived terms

• normalamaq
• normalaşdırıcı
• normalaşdırılmaq
• normalaşdırmaq
• normalaşmaq
• normalcasına
• normallaşdırıcı
• normallaşdırılmaq
• normallaşdırmaq
• normallaşmaq
• normallıq

References

• Orucov, Əliheydər, editor (2006), “normal”, in Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti [Explanatory Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language]‎^[3] (in Azerbaijani), 2nd edition, volume 3, Baku: Şərq-Qərb

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from French normal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Central) [nurˈmal]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Northwestern) [norˈmal]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [noɾˈmal]

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

Adjective

normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normals)

1. normal

   Antonym: anormal

Derived terms

• normalista
• normalitat
• normalitzar
• normalment
• paranormal

Further reading

• “normal”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “normal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “normal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “normal”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nɒˈmæˀl]

Etymology 1

From French normale, Derived from Latin nōrmālis.

Noun

normal c (singular definite normalen, plural indefinite normaler)

1. a normal value or quantity (e.g. tempature etc.)
   1. the usual and ordinary; business as usual
2. (mathematics) line or surface that is perpendicular to another line or surface

Declension

Declension of normal

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	normal	normalen	normaler	normalerne
genitive	normals	normalens	normalers	normalernes

Etymology 2

See above

Adjective

normal (neuter normalt, plural and definite singular attributive normale)

1. ordinary, usual, typical

   Synonyms: typisk, almindelig

   1. scheduled, planned

      Synonyms: planmæssig, ordinær

   2. without deficiencies, working as it is should (living beings, organs etc.)

      Synonyms: rask, velfungerende

   3. average

      Synonym: gennemsnitlig

Inflection

Inflection of normal

	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	normal	—	—2
indefinite neuter singular	normalt	—	—2
plural	normale	—	—2
definite attributive1	normale	—	—

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Adverb

normal

1. usually, for the most part

   Synonyms: sædvanligvis, almindeligvis

References

• “normal” in Den Danske Ordbog

References

“normal” in Den Danske Ordbog

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin nōrmālis. By surface analysis, norme +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔʁ.mal/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Adjective

normal (feminine normale, masculine plural normaux, feminine plural normales)

1. normal (according to norms, usual)
2. (relational) normal (relating to a school to teach teachers how to teach)
3. okay, alright

   Antonym: anormal

Derived terms

• école normale supérieure
• en temps normal
• heure normale de l'est
• loi normale
• normalement
• normalisation
• normaliser
• normalité
• supernormal
• ultranormal

Related terms

• norme

Descendants

• Haitian Creole: nòmal

Further reading

• “normal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔrˈmaːl/, [nɔʁˈmaːl], [nɔɐ̯-], [nɔ-], [no-]
• Rhymes: -aːl

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Adjective

normal (strong nominative masculine singular normaler, comparative normaler, superlative am normalsten)

1. ordinary, normal

   völlig normal. ― completely normal.

Declension

Positive forms of normal number & gender singular plural masculine feminine neuter predicative er ist normal sie ist normal es ist normal sie sind normal strong declension (without article) nominative normaler normale normales normale genitive normalen normaler normalen normaler dative normalem normaler normalem normalen accusative normalen normale normales normale weak declension (with definite article) nominative der normale die normale das normale die normalen genitive des normalen der normalen des normalen der normalen dative dem normalen der normalen dem normalen den normalen accusative den normalen die normale das normale die normalen mixed declension (with indefinite article) nominative ein normaler eine normale ein normales (keine) normalen genitive eines normalen einer normalen eines normalen (keiner) normalen dative einem normalen einer normalen einem normalen (keinen) normalen accusative einen normalen eine normale ein normales (keine) normalen Comparative forms of normal number & gender singular plural masculine feminine neuter predicative er ist normaler sie ist normaler es ist normaler sie sind normaler strong declension (without article) nominative normalerer normalere normaleres normalere genitive normaleren normalerer normaleren normalerer dative normalerem normalerer normalerem normaleren accusative normaleren normalere normaleres normalere weak declension (with definite article) nominative der normalere die normalere das normalere die normaleren genitive des normaleren der normaleren des normaleren der normaleren dative dem normaleren der normaleren dem normaleren den normaleren accusative den normaleren die normalere das normalere die normaleren mixed declension (with indefinite article) nominative ein normalerer eine normalere ein normaleres (keine) normaleren genitive eines normaleren einer normaleren eines normaleren (keiner) normaleren dative einem normaleren einer normaleren einem normaleren (keinen) normaleren accusative einen normaleren eine normalere ein normaleres (keine) normaleren Superlative forms of normal number & gender singular plural masculine feminine neuter predicative er ist am normalsten sie ist am normalsten es ist am normalsten sie sind am normalsten strong declension (without article) nominative normalster normalste normalstes normalste genitive normalsten normalster normalsten normalster dative normalstem normalster normalstem normalsten accusative normalsten normalste normalstes normalste weak declension (with definite article) nominative der normalste die normalste das normalste die normalsten genitive des normalsten der normalsten des normalsten der normalsten dative dem normalsten der normalsten dem normalsten den normalsten accusative den normalsten die normalste das normalste die normalsten mixed declension (with indefinite article) nominative ein normalster eine normalste ein normalstes (keine) normalsten genitive eines normalsten einer normalsten eines normalsten (keiner) normalsten dative einem normalsten einer normalsten einem normalsten (keinen) normalsten accusative einen normalsten eine normalste ein normalstes (keine) normalsten

Derived terms

• normalerweise
• stinknormal

Descendants

• → Silesian: normalny

Adverb

normal

1. (standard) ordinarily, normally, in a normal fashion

   Er hat sich ganz normal benommen.

   He behaved quite normally.

2. (colloquial) alternative form of normalerweise: usually, normally, in general

   Normal geh ich früh ins Bett.

   I normally go to bed early.

Interjection

normal

1. (colloquial) sure, of course, obviously; usually implies that something is trivial

   Du hast mit zwölf schon geraucht? ― Normal.

   You already smoked at twelve? ― Sure.

Further reading

• “normal” in Duden online
• “normal”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎^[4] (in German)

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /norˈmaːl/
• Rhymes: -aːl
• Syllabification: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal

1. normal

Declension

Declension of normal (see also Appendix:Hunsrik adjectives)

		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
weak inflection	nominative	normal	normal	normal	normale
	accusative	normale	normal	normal	normale
	dative	normale	normale	normale	normale
strong inflection	nominative	normaler	normale	normales	normale
	accusative	normale	normale	normales	normale
	dative	normalem	normaler	normalem	normale

Further reading

• Boll, Piter Kehoma (2021), “normal”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português, 3rd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch normaal, ultimately derived from Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈnormal/ [ˈnor.mal]
• Rhymes: -ormal
• Syllabification: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal (comparative lebih normal, superlative paling normal or ternormal, equative senormal)

1. normal

Derived terms

• kenormalan
• normalkan
• penormalan

Related terms

• abnormal
• normalisasi
• normalitas

Further reading

• “normal”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Interlingua

Adjective

normal (comparative plus normal, superlative le plus normal)

1. normal

   Antonym: anormal

Irish

Etymology

Borrowing from English normal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈn̪ˠɔɾˠ(ə)mˠəlˠ/

Noun

normal m (genitive singular normail, nominative plural normail)

1. (geometry, statistics, chemistry) normal

Declension

Declension of normal (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative normal normail vocative a normail a normala genitive normail normal dative normal normail forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an normal na normail genitive an normail na normal dative leis an normal don normal leis na normail

Derived terms

• aonadnormal m (“unit normal”)
• normalach (“normal”, adjective)
• normalacht f (“normality”)

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “normal”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• “normal”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Ladin

Adjective

normal m (feminine singular normala, masculine plural normai, feminine plural normales)

1. normal

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin normālis.

Adjective

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

1. normal, ordinary

   Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

• normalspor, normalsporet
• normaltid

References

• “normal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin normālis.

Adjective

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

1. normal, ordinary

   Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

• normalspor
• normaltid

References

• “normal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti

Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱétider.

Proto-Hellenic *gignṓskō

Ancient Greek γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)

Proto-Indo-European *-mṓ

Ancient Greek -μων (-mōn)

Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn)bor.

Etruscanbor.?

Latin norma

Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-

Proto-Indo-European *-is

Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?

Proto-Italic *-ālis

Latin -ālis

Latin normālislbor.

Portuguese normal

Learned borrowing from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, norma +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /noʁˈmaw/ [noɦˈmaʊ̯]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /noʁˈmaw/ [noɦˈmaʊ̯]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /noɾˈmaw/ [noɾˈmaʊ̯]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /noʁˈmaw/ [noʁˈmaʊ̯]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /noɻˈmaw/ [noɻˈmaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nɔɾˈmal/ [nɔɾˈmaɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nɔɾˈmal/ [nɔɾˈmaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /nɔɾˈma.li/

• (Northeast Brazil) IPA^(key): [nɔɦˈmaw]
• (Rural Central Brazil) IPA^(key): [nuɹˈmaw]

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal m or f (plural normais)

1. normal, standard, regular
2. (geometry) normal (perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface)

Derived terms

• normalizar
• normalmente

Related terms

• norma
• anormal

Further reading

• “normal”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “normal”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French normal, from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, normă +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /norˈmal/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

normal m or n (feminine singular normală, masculine plural normali, feminine/neuter plural normale)

1. normal

Related terms

• normalitate

Adverb

normal

1. normally
2. of course, obviously

   Synonyms: evident, logic

   Normal că mi-e foame.

   Of course I'm hungry.

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /noɾˈmal/ [noɾˈmal]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normales)

1. normal (customary, standard, not deviating from a norm)
2. normal (typical, usual)

   Synonyms: habitual, ordinario, corriente, regular, usual

   Antonyms: anormal, raro, extraordinario, inusual

   1. (colloquial) (that's) expected, (that's) obvious
      • 2026 December 24, u/bimbochungo, r/spain‎^[5] (Reddit post):

        Normal, si tener hijos es caro y los salarios son una basura. Y los horarios no ayudan...

        Well duh, having kids is expensive and wages are garbage. And the work hours don't help...

        Replying to a post titled "Spain runs out of children: there are 80,000 fewer than in 2023".

3. normal (not ill)
4. (geometry) perpendicular

   Synonym: perpendicular

   Antonyms: oblicuo, paralelo

Derived terms

• de normal
• distribución normal
• escuela normal
• leche normal
• normal y corriente
• normalidad
• normalista
• refresco normal
• subnormal

Related terms

• norma

Adverb

normal

1. in a normal way, normally

Noun

normal f (plural normales)

1. (education) a school for becoming a teacher

Further reading

• “normal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Swedish

Etymology

From Latin nōrmālis, from nōrma + -ālis, equivalent to norm +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

normal (comparative normalare, superlative normalast)

1. normal

   Antonyms: abnorm, onaturlig, onormal, sjuklig

Declension

Inflection of normal

Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative1
common singular	normal	normalare	normalast
neuter singular	normalt	normalare	normalast
plural	normala	normalare	normalast
masculine plural2	normale	normalare	normalast
Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular3	normale	normalare	normalaste
all	normala	normalare	normalaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Related terms

• normalisera

Noun

normal c

1. (geometry) a normal (a line which is perpendicular to another line or to a surface)

   Antonym: tangent

Declension

Declension of normal

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	normal	normals
	definite	normalen	normalens
plural	indefinite	normaler	normalers
	definite	normalerna	normalernas

References

• “normal”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish normal, from Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /noɾˈmal/ [n̪oɾˈmal]
    • Rhymes: -al
  • IPA^(key): /ˈnoɾmal/ [ˈn̪oɾ.mɐl] (English influence)
    • Rhymes: -oɾmal
• Syllabification: nor‧mal

Adjective

normál or normal (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)

1. normal (according to norms or rules)

   Synonym: regular

2. normal (usual, ordinary)

   Synonyms: karaniwan, regular

3. normal (healthy; not sick or ill)

   Synonyms: matino, mabuti

4. (education) normal (pertaining to a school to teach teachers how to teach)
5. (chemistry) normal (of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution)

Derived terms

• kanormalan
• paaralang normal

Related terms

• abnormal
• abnormalidad
• anormal
• anormalidad
• enormidad
• norma
• normalidad
• normalisa
• normatibo

See also

• katamtaman
• midyum

Further reading

• “normal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Turkish

Etymology

From French normal, from Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /noɾˈmɑl/

Adjective

normal

1. normal
2. regular
3. usual

Declension

Predicative forms of normal

present tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I am)	normalim	normal miyim?
sen (you are)	normalsin	normal misin?
o (he/she/it is)	normal / normaldir	normal mi?
biz (we are)	normaliz	normal miyiz?
siz (you are)	normalsiniz	normal misiniz?
onlar (they are)	normal(ler)	normal(ler) mi?
past tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	normaldim	normal miydim?
sen (you were)	normaldin	normal miydin?
o (he/she/it was)	normaldi	normal miydi?
biz (we were)	normaldik	normal miydik?
siz (you were)	normaldiniz	normal miydiniz?
onlar (they were)	normaldiler	normal miydiler?
indirect past
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	normalmişim	normal miymişim?
sen (you were)	normalmişsin	normal miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was)	normalmiş	normal miymiş?
biz (we were)	normalmişiz	normal miymişiz?
siz (you were)	normalmişsiniz	normal miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were)	normalmişler	normal miymişler?
conditional
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (if I)	normalsem	normal miysem?
sen (if you)	normalsen	normal miysen?
o (if he/she/it)	normalse	normal miyse?
biz (if we)	normalsek	normal miysek?
siz (if you)	normalseniz	normal miyseniz?
onlar (if they)	normalseler	normal miyseler?

For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

Noun

normal (definite accusative normali, uncountable)

1. normal (usual state)
2. standard

Declension

Declension of normal

	singular	plural
nominative	normal	—
definite accusative	normali	—
dative	normale	—
locative	normalde	—
ablative	normalden	—
genitive	normalin	—

Derived terms

• normalleştirmek
• normalleşmek

Welsh

Noun

normal m (plural normalau, not mutable)

1. (geometry) normal

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “normal”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies