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Variables[poly]

gives a list of all independent variables in a polynomial.

Examples  
Basic Examples  
Scope  
Options  
Modulus  
Properties & Relations  
Possible Issues  
See Also
Tech Notes
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History
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Variables

Variables[poly]

gives a list of all independent variables in a polynomial.

Examples

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Basic Examples  (1)

Find a list of variables of a polynomial:

Wolfram Language code: Variables[(x + y) ^ 2 + 3z ^ 2 - y z + 7]

Scope  (4)

A polynomial:

Wolfram Language code: Variables[x ^ 4 + y ^ 4 + z ^ 4 - 3x y z]

A list of polynomials:

Wolfram Language code: Variables[{x ^ 2 - a y, y ^ 2 - b z, z ^ 2 - c x}]

A rational function:

Wolfram Language code: Variables[(a - b) / (x + y) - 2 / z]

Find variables in a radical expression:

Wolfram Language code: Variables[Sqrt[x + y - z ^ 2] + (-2 t) ^ (2 / 3)]

Options  (1)

Modulus  (1)

Find variables present after reducing coefficients modulo 2:

Wolfram Language code: Variables[x + 2y + 3z, Modulus -> 2]

Properties & Relations  (2)

Use CoefficientList to find coefficients of polynomials:

Wolfram Language code: f = x ^ 2 - 2 x y + 3 y ^ 2 + 4 x + 5y + 6;
Wolfram Language code: CoefficientList[f, Variables[f]]

Use NonCommutativeVariables to find variables in a noncommutative polynomial:

Wolfram Language code: NonCommutativeVariables[(x + 2y)**(3w**z + 4z**z)]

Possible Issues  (1)

Variables looks for variables only inside sums, products, and rational powers:

Wolfram Language code: Variables[Sin[x] + Cos[x]]
Wolfram Language code: Variables[E ^ x]
Wolfram Research (1988), Variables, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Variables.html.

Text

Wolfram Research (1988), Variables, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Variables.html.

CMS

Wolfram Language. 1988. "Variables." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Variables.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (1988). Variables. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Variables.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2026_variables, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Variables}", year="1988", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Variables.html}", note=[Accessed: 05-November-2026]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2026_variables, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Variables}, year={1988}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Variables.html}, note=[Accessed: 05-November-2026]}