#24196 Update php-laravel to newer versions

FYI @jebentier (2017/07), @dkarlovi (2017/07), @mandrean (2017/08), @jfastnacht (2017/09), @ybelenko (2018/07), @renepardon (2018/12)

cc @gijs-blanken as well

PR checklist

• Read the contribution guidelines.
• Run the following to build the project and update samples:

  ./mvnw clean package || exit
  ./bin/generate-samples.sh ./bin/configs/*.yaml || exit
  ./bin/utils/export_docs_generators.sh || exit
  

  (For Windows users, please run the script in WSL)
  Commit all changed files.
  This is important, as CI jobs will verify all generator outputs of your HEAD commit as it would merge with master.
  These must match the expectations made by your contribution.
  You may regenerate an individual generator by passing the relevant config(s) as an argument to the script, for example ./bin/generate-samples.sh bin/configs/java*.
  IMPORTANT: Do NOT purge/delete any folders/files (e.g. tests) when regenerating the samples as manually written tests may be removed.
• If your PR is targeting a particular programming language, @mention the technical committee members, so they are more likely to review the pull request.

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Summary by cubic

Upgrade the Laravel server generator and samples to Laravel 13 on PHP 8.3+. Switch the main sample to a custom spec, add a php-laravel-petstore sample, and add a dedicated PHPStan CI on PHP 8.3/8.4.

• Dependencies

  • php: ^8.3 (was ^8.1)
  • laravel/framework: ^13.0 (was ^10.0)
  • phpunit/phpunit: ^12.0 (was ^9.5)

• Refactors

  • Update generator composer.mustache; move the Laravel test spec to modules/openapi-generator/src/test/resources/3_0/php-laravel/... and adjust bin/configs/php-laravel.yaml; regenerate samples using the custom spec; remove the enum-parameter endpoint/models/routes; rename the enum to EnumTestEnumNumber and update EnumTest; add a new php-laravel-petstore sample.
  • Add a standalone PHPStan workflow for Laravel samples on PHP 8.3/8.4 and remove Laravel from the samples-php8 workflow; currently runs for php-laravel-issue-21334 (main sample temporarily disabled).