-as
Page categories
Albanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Variant of -at, seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat, Bushat.[1] The [-t] and [-s] are both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. An Illyrian derivation.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as m
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Cornish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Perhaps from Proto-Celtic *-os.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA(key): /-as/
Suffix
[edit]-as m (noun-forming suffix, plural -asow)
- Forms masculine nouns denoting capacity; -ful
- Forms masculine nouns denoting the result of an action
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- George, Ken (2020), An Gerlyver Meur, 3rd edition, Truro: Kesva an Taves Kernewek, →ISBN, pages 77, 99
Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-as m pers
- masculine noun suffix
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- -as in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Esperanto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:
- This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)
The vowel of -as is likely cognate with the Latin present, as in amat (“s/he loves”), and the corresponding present infinitive amāre, permitting the natural (for a European) -ant ending. i could come from past tense in Latin ami, amisti.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as
- ending of the present tense in verbs.
Further reading
[edit]- “-as”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
- “-as”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-as, a variant of *-s (adjective-forming suffix), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-s.
Suffix
[edit]-as (front-vowel variant -äs, linguistic notation -As)
- Forms some adjectives.
- Forms some nouns.
Declension
[edit]| Inflection of -as (Kotus type 41/vieras, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -as | -aat | |
| genitive | -aan | -aiden -aitten | |
| partitive | -asta | -aita | |
| illative | -aaseen | -aisiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -as | -aat | |
| accusative | nom. | -as | -aat |
| gen. | -aan | ||
| genitive | -aan | -aiden -aitten -asten rare | |
| partitive | -asta | -aita | |
| inessive | -aassa | -aissa | |
| elative | -aasta | -aista | |
| illative | -aaseen | -aisiin -aihin rare | |
| adessive | -aalla | -ailla | |
| ablative | -aalta | -ailta | |
| allative | -aalle | -aille | |
| essive | -aana | -aina | |
| translative | -aaksi | -aiksi | |
| abessive | -aatta | -aitta | |
| instructive | — | -ain | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of -as (Kotus type 41/vieras, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Note that gradation may apply.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
Anagrams
[edit]French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as
- (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality"; sometimes referred to as ornative.
- (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.
- (number-forming suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.
Usage notes
[edit]- (all senses) Variants:
- -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -os is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -as is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -es is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ös is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Ido
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Esperanto -as, Latin -ās, French -es, Spanish -as.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as
- desinence of the present tense in verbs
See also
[edit]Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -eas (after palatal consonants)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Irish -as, from Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.
Suffix
[edit]-as m
Declension
[edit]
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as
- Relative ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense
- Synthetic first person singular ending of first conjugation verbs in the past tense
References
[edit]- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938), Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Description of an Irish dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, § 65, page 54
Kwak'wala
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as
- Suffix used with verbs for a place of.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Franz Boas, Helene Boas Yampolsky & Zellig S. Harris (1947), “Kwakiutl Grammar with a Glossary of the Suffixes”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society[3], volume 37, number 3, page 318
Latin
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈaːs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈas]
Etymology 1
[edit]By syncope, from the earlier form -ātis. If Oscan 𐌋𐌞𐌅𐌊𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔 (lúvkanateís, “Lucanian”, gen. sg.) has a cognate suffix -𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔 (-ateís), one can reconstruct Proto-Italic *-ātis.
Suffix
[edit]-ās
- Used to form gentilic adjectives with the meaning "of/from" a country or place.
Usage notes
[edit]In an exception to the usual Latin stress rule, Latin words ending in this suffix were generally stressed on the final syllable of their nominative singular forms in -ās because of the aforementioned syncope.
Declension
[edit]Third-declension one-termination adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masc./fem. | neuter | masc./fem. | neuter | ||
| nominative | -ās | -ātēs | -ātia | ||
| genitive | -ātis | -ātium -ātum | |||
| dative | -ātī | -ātibus | |||
| accusative | -ātem | -ās | -ātīs -ātēs |
-ātia | |
| ablative | -āte -ātī |
-ātibus | |||
| vocative | -ās | -ātēs | -ātia | ||
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Italic *-ans, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ns, the accusative plural of *-éh₂.
Suffix
[edit]-ās
- accusative plural of -a f (ending of feminine nouns)
- accusative feminine plural of -us (suffix forming first/second declension adjectives)
Descendants
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ās
- accusative plural of -a m (suffix forming masculine agent nouns)
Etymology 3
[edit]From Proto-Italic *-ās, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési.
Suffix
[edit]-ās
- second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]From Proto-Italic *-ās, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂(e/o)s, the genitive singular of *-éh₂. Despite the existence of a few relic survivals in fixed expressions, this ending was largely displaced already in Old Latin by -āī (formed by analogy to the second-declension genitive singular ending -ī), which evolved to the Classical Latin genitive singular ending -ae.
Suffix
[edit]-ās
- (archaic) genitive singular of -a
- pater familiās ― master (lit. father) of the household
- Titā Vendiās ― of Tita Vendia
Etymology 5
[edit]Unclear. Possibly derived from Proto-Italic *-ās, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂es, the nominative/vocative plural of *-éh₂. Rather than being inherited, it has been speculated that this ending was borrowed from Oscan (another Italic language). Alternatively, possibly taken from the accusative ending.[1]
Suffix
[edit]-ās
References
[edit]Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-os.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as m
- nominal suffix (ending) of the first declension of the nouns.
- nominal suffix (ending) which indicates a demonym.
Derived terms
[edit]Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as
- alternative form of -esse (“-ess”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as
- alternative form of -isch
Northern Sami
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sami *-ës. Cognate of Finnish -e, Estonian -e.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as
- Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and the strong grade in the other forms.
Inflection
[edit]| Odd, no gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -as | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | -asa | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | -as | -asat | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | -asa | -asiid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | -asa | -asiid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Illative | -asii | -asiidda | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | -asis | -asiin | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Comitative | -asiin | -asiiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Essive | -asin | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Old English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Perhaps from the Proto-Germanic accusative plural ending *-anz, with regularly lost -n- before a fricative, or perhaps from the nominative plural *-ōs, a voiceless variety of the regular ending *-ōz, or a merger of both. Akin to Saterland Frisian -s, West Frisian -s, Old Saxon -os (Low German -s), Dutch -s, Swedish -ar.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as (noun inflectional suffix)
- marks the plural nominative and accusative of a-stem masculine nouns, later extended to other nouns
Descendants
[edit]- Middle English: -es, -as, -æs (Early Middle English), -s (especially Late Middle English), -is, -ys (Northern, Early Scots), -us (West Midland)
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as (verb inflectional suffix) (Anglian)
- alternative form of -ast; marks the second person singular present indicative of class II weak verbs
Old Galician-Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as
- a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of a verb in -ar
Descendants
[edit]Old Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.
Suffix
[edit]-as m
- Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 261, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German); reprinted 2017
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-os.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as m pers
- masculine noun suffix
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -as | -asy, -asowie |
| genitive | -asa | -asów |
| dative | -asowi | -asom |
| accusative | -asa | -asów |
| instrumental | -asem | -asami |
| locative | -asie | -asach |
| vocative | -asie | -asy, -asowie |
Derived terms
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -as, from Latin -ās. Compare Galician and Spanish -as.
Suffix
[edit]-as (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)
- a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar
See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -as, a merger of Latin -ās (used with residual third conjugation non-i-stem verbs) with Latin -eās (used with Proto-Romance verbs in -ēre, which merged Latin second and third conjugation verbs) and Latin -iās (used with Proto-Romance verbs in -īre). The e/i in hiatus would have disappeared after palatalizing the previous consonant, which survives in some irregular verbs but has largely been analogically eliminated. Compare Galician and Spanish -as.
Suffix
[edit]-as (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)
- a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er
- a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ir
See also
[edit]Spanish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Latin -ās, the second-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs. Cognate with Asturian, Catalan, and French -es.
Suffix
[edit]-as
- suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Latin -eās, Latin -ās, and Latin -iās, the second-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.
Suffix
[edit]-as
See also
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as
- alternative form of -s (“adverbial suffix”)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “påsk”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
Anagrams
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as f (noun-forming suffix, plural -asau or -asoedd)
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-as (verb inflectional suffix)
- (colloquial, South Wales) marks the third-person singular preterite of verbs
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “-as”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- Albanian terms derived from Illyrian
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian suffixes
- Albanian masculine suffixes
- Cornish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Cornish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cornish lemmas
- Cornish suffixes
- Cornish masculine suffixes
- Cornish noun-forming suffixes
- Czech lemmas
- Czech suffixes
- Czech masculine suffixes
- Czech personal suffixes
- Czech masculine animate nouns
- Czech mixed masculine animate nouns
- Esperanto 1-syllable words
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Esperanto/as
- Rhymes:Esperanto/as/1 syllable
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto suffixes
- Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro
- Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto
- Esperanto BRO1
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish adjective-forming suffixes
- Finnish noun-forming suffixes
- Finnish vieras-type nominals
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French non-lemma forms
- French suffix forms
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒʃ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒʃ/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian adjective-forming suffixes
- Hungarian noun-forming suffixes
- Ido terms borrowed from Esperanto
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- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish lemmas
- Irish suffixes
- Irish noun-forming suffixes
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- Latin 1-syllable words
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- Lithuanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
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- Middle English variant lemmas
- Northern Sami terms inherited from Proto-Sami
- Northern Sami terms derived from Proto-Sami
- Northern Sami terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Sami 1-syllable words
- Northern Sami lemmas
- Northern Sami suffixes
- Northern Sami noun-forming suffixes
- Northern Sami odd nouns
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- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
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- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English suffixes
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- Anglian Old English
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- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
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- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/as
- Rhymes:Polish/as/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
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- Polish suffixes
- Polish masculine suffixes
- Polish personal suffixes
- Polish hard masculine personal nouns
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
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- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
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