en

See also: Appendix:Variations of "en"

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology 1

Clipping of English English.

Symbol

en

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for English.
en-ZA is a synonym of SAfrE

Etymology 2

Clipping of English ethylenediamine.

Symbol

en

(chemistry) ethylenediamine ligand

English

Etymology 1

The name of the letter comes from Latin en. The typographic sense dates to 1793.

Pronunciation

(UK, US) enPR: ĕn, IPA^(key): /ɛn/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Rhymes: -ɛn
- (pin–pen merger) IPA^(key): /ɪn/
- Homophones: in, inn

Noun

en (plural ens)

The name of the Latin script letter N/n.
- 1773 October, The Monthly Review Or Literary Journal Enlarged:
  The word length, which contains only four sounds l e ng th, is usually spell'd thus, el ee en gee tee aitch.
- 2004, Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, page 170:
  I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.
(typography) A unit of measurement equal to half an em (half the height of the type in use).
- 1808, C[aleb] Stower, “An Account of the Different Advances in Journeymen’s Wages, from the Year 1785 to 1805, with the Present Regulations and Scale of Prices”, in The Compositor’s and Pressman’s Guide to the Art of Printing; […], London: […] [T]he Editor, […] for B[enjamin] Crosby and Co. […], →OCLC, page 419:
  That the price of work, paid for by letters be advanced from fourpence to fourpence halfpenny per thousand, including English and brevier; and, in leaded matter, the ems and ens at the beginnings and ends of the lines not to be reckoned in the width.

Derived terms

Descendants

⇒ Alabama: ìnka

Translations

name of the letter N, n

Alabama: ìnka
Arabic: إِن (ar) m (ʔen)
Asturian: ene (ast) f
Bengali: এন f (en)
Bulgarian: ен m (en)
Catalan: ena (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: (English letter names are called as in English, no other standard Mandarin name exists)
Esperanto: no (eo)
Finnish: än (fi), ännä (fi)
French: enne (fr) m
Galician: ene (gl) m
Greek: εν (el) n (en)
Hawaiian: nū
Hindi: एन (hi) (en)
Ido: ne (io)
Irish: ein, nion
Italian: enne (it) f
Japanese: エヌ (ja) (enu)
Korean: 엔 (ko) (en)
Latin: en (la)
Malay: en (ms)
Marathi: एन (en)
Occitan: èna f
Persian: ان (fa) (en)
Portuguese: ene (pt) m
Russian: эн (ru) n (en)
Spanish: ene (es) f
Thai: เอ็น (th) (en)
Turkish: ne (tr)
Vietnamese: en-nờ (vi), en (vi), nờ (vi)
Welsh: en (cy) f

typographic unit

Bulgarian: ен m (en)
Cherokee: ᎡᏂ (eni)
Hungarian: félkvirt

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Italian: ^{(please verify)} enne (it) m or f

Etymology 2

From French en.

Pronunciation

(imitating the French pronunciation) IPA^(key): [ɑ̃], [õ]
(anglicised) IPA^(key): /ɒn/, /ɑn/
Audio (Southern England): (file)

Preposition

en

Used in various phrases borrowed from French or formed as if borrowed from French (see "Derived terms" below).

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old English hine.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ən/
Audio (Southern England): (file)

Pronoun

en

(dialectal, Newfoundland) Him.
- 1895, Thomas Hardy, A Pair of Blue Eyes‎^[4], page 236:
  Such a strappen fine gentleman as he was, too. Yes, I rather like en sometimes.
(dialectal, Newfoundland) It (when the thing being referred to is masculine).

Etymology 4

Noun

en (plural ens)

The name of the Cyrillic script letter Н / н.

Anagrams

nê, né, Ne., ne, -ne-, NE, ne., -ne

Afar

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈen/ [ˈʔɛn]
Hyphenation: en

Verb

én

(intransitive) be, exist
(transitive, + k-case) be made of
(transitive, + k-case) be a part of
- 2006, “Ruut 1:2 [Ruth 1:2]”, in Nabuwwa kee malikwa [Prophets and kings]‎^[5]:
  Alimelek akah yoobokem, Efrat deqsitta gulubuk ten.
  When that Elimelek was born, he was part of the clan called Ephrath.
(auxiliary) With the perfective, used to form the present perfect.
(auxiliary) With the imperfective, used to form the present progressive.
(auxiliary) With the -k converb, used to form the past prospective.
- 2006, “Ruut 1:1 [Ruth 1:1]”, in Nabuwwa kee malikwa [Prophets and kings]‎^[6]:
  Makaabon Israayil baaxol dardaarak ten saaku, Israayil baaxol qulul rade.
  When the judges were ruling in the land of Israel, a famine fell upon the land of Israel.

Conjugation

Conjugation of en (highly irregular)
		1st singular	2nd singular	3rd singular		1st plural	2nd plural	3rd plural
		1st singular	2nd singular	m	f	1st plural	2nd plural	3rd plural
perfective	V-affirmative	enéh	tenéh	yenéh	tenéh	nenéh	teneeníh	yeneeníh
	N-affirmative	én	tén	yén	tén	nén	tenén	yenén
	negative	mánanniyo	mánannito	mánanna	mánanna	mánannino	mánanniton	mánannon
imperfective (I)	V-affirmative	aníh	taníh	yaníh	taníh	naníh	taniiníh	yaniiníh
	N-affirmative	án	tán	yán	tán	nán	tanín	yanín
	negative	máan	mátan	máyan	mátan	mánan	mátanin	máyanin
imperfective (II)	V-affirmative	aniyóh	tanitóh	yaníh	taníh	naninóh	tanitoonúh	yaniiníh
imperfective (II)	N-affirmative	aniyó	tanitó	yán	tán	naninó	tanitón	yanín

Derived terms

ellé

References

E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 283
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[7], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/
Audio: (file)

(unstressed) IPA^(key): /ən/

Conjunction

en

and
Ek sit en drink koeldrank ― I sit and drink a cold drink.
well
En? ― well?

Ainu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/, [ʔen]

Pronoun

en= (Kana spelling エン)

me (first-person singular object pronoun)

Akawaio

Noun

en^[1]

alternative form of enu

References

^ Stegeman, Ray; Hunter, Rita (2014), Akawaio-English Dictionary and English-Akawaio Index, SIL International, page 46

Alemannic German

Etymology

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos. Cognate with German ein, Low German en, ein, Dutch een, English one, Icelandic einn, Swedish en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ən/

Article

en

(indefinite) a, an
- 1835, Jakob Stutz, Gemälde aus dem Volksleben nach der Natur aufgenommen und treu dargestellt in gereimten Gesprächen Zürcherischer Mundart, first part, 2nd ed., pp. 27, 49, 97, 109:
  - Ih wött dih jetz nu duße möge-n-
    Auh noh en einzigs Wörtli fröge.
  - [...] as en einzigs Mol, [...]
  - Denn ist er si Lebtig e stills Büebli gsi.
  - Aber es wot e chüels Windli goh.
- 1864, J. C. Ott, Rosen und Dornen. Gedichte und Gerichte, gewachsen auf Bernerboden, 1st small volume, 2nd ed., pp. 53, 57:
  - „„Nu, wenn i öppis by d'r gilte,““
    Seit Franz, – „„so mach en End myr Qual!
    [...]““
  - „[...]
    O, schenk-mer, Herr, es gnädig's End,
    Nimm uf my Geist i dyni Händ!“
- 1864, J. C. Ott, Rosen und Dornen. Gedichte und Gerichte, gewachsen auf Bernerboden, 1st small volume, 2nd ed., pp. 43, 76, 106, 186:
  - E Mezgerbursch i syne schönste Jahre
    Mit rothe Backe, schwarze, chruse Haare,
    Chunt spät am Aabe ganz allei
    Vom Erlebacher-Märit hei.
  - Im Berner Alpeg'länd sitzt vor sym chlyne Hüsi
    [...]
    En alte Veteran vom Cheiserrych
    Na Dörflerg'wohnheit i d'r Gartenlaube.
  - [...] Da villicht en alte Jud, [...]
  - En Ehrebrecher isch sy Kamerad, [...]
- Joh. Schönauer, Beschreibung miner Heimat, in: 1876, Volksthümliches aus dem Kanton Bern. Localsagen und Satzungen des Aberglaubens. Gesammelt von Heinrich Grunholzer durch seine Seminarzöglinge. Zusammengestellt und herausgegeben von J. E. Rothenbach. Separat-Abdruck aus der „Neuen Alpenpost“, p. 5:
  Vor zwei Jahra ist z' Höchstetta, das 20 Minuta vo Zäziwyl ist, emene Länder-Güterfuhrma der Waga verbrönnt worda.

Declension

Zürich:

	Singular
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	en	e	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)
Dative	eme	ene	eme
Accusative	en	e	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)

Bern:

	Singular
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)	es (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)
Dative	emene
Accusative	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)	es (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)

Asturian

Alternative forms

in (Patsuezu)

Etymology

From Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/ [ẽŋ]
Rhymes: -en
Syllabification: en

Preposition

en

in
(+ gerund) after
En comiendo, marcho
After eating, I'll leave

Usage notes

The preposition en contracts to n' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: n'Asturies (in Asturias), n'honor (in honor)

Derived terms

Aukan

Etymology

From English and.

Conjunction

en

and

Australian Kriol

Etymology

From English and.

Conjunction

en

and

Azerbaijani

Other scripts
Cyrillic		ен
Arabic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēn.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [en]
Audio (Baku): (file)

Noun

en (definite accusative eni, plural enlər)

width
Synonym: genişlik

Declension

Declension of en
	singular	plural
nominative	en	enlər
definite accusative	eni	enləri
dative	enə	enlərə
locative	endə	enlərdə
ablative	endən	enlərdən
definite genitive	enin	enlərin

Possessive forms of en
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enim	enlərim
sənin (“your”)	enin	enlərin
onun (“his/her/its”)	eni	enləri
bizim (“our”)	enimiz	enlərimiz
sizin (“your”)	eniniz	enləriniz
onların (“their”)	eni or enləri	enləri

	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimi	enlərimi
sənin (“your”)	enini	enlərini
onun (“his/her/its”)	enini	enlərini
bizim (“our”)	enimizi	enlərimizi
sizin (“your”)	eninizi	enlərinizi
onların (“their”)	enini or enlərini	enlərini

	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimə	enlərimə
sənin (“your”)	eninə	enlərinə
onun (“his/her/its”)	eninə	enlərinə
bizim (“our”)	enimizə	enlərimizə
sizin (“your”)	eninizə	enlərinizə
onların (“their”)	eninə or enlərinə	enlərinə

	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimdə	enlərimdə
sənin (“your”)	enində	enlərində
onun (“his/her/its”)	enində	enlərində
bizim (“our”)	enimizdə	enlərimizdə
sizin (“your”)	eninizdə	enlərinizdə
onların (“their”)	enində or enlərində	enlərində

	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimdən	enlərimdən
sənin (“your”)	enindən	enlərindən
onun (“his/her/its”)	enindən	enlərindən
bizim (“our”)	enimizdən	enlərimizdən
sizin (“your”)	eninizdən	enlərinizdən
onların (“their”)	enindən or enlərindən	enlərindən

	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimin	enlərimin
sənin (“your”)	eninin	enlərinin
onun (“his/her/its”)	eninin	enlərinin
bizim (“our”)	enimizin	enlərimizin
sizin (“your”)	eninizin	enlərinizin
onların (“their”)	eninin or enlərinin	enlərinin

Derived terms

en dairəsi (“latitude”)

References

^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*ēn”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Breton

Contraction

en

e (preposition "in") + un (indefinite article "a(n)")
e (preposition "in") + an (definite article "the")

Catalan

Etymology 1

From the final syllable of Latin domine (“Mister”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [ən]
IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [en]

Article

en m sg (elided n', feminine na)

(Eastern) Personal article used before masculine given names instead of the definite article el.
En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.
Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.

Usage notes

While this article (and its feminine counterpart na) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided form of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article els is used in all dialects.

Derived terms

can (contraction of ca and ne)

Etymology 2

From Latin in (“in, inside”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [ən]
IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [en]

Preposition

en

in
Va participar en la reunió ― He/She participated in the meeting.
when, upon, on (doing something)
en arribar... ― when I arrived...

Usage notes

Unlike Spanish and like French, Catalan uses a with many toponyms, so en is a false friend:

a França, a París ― in France, in Paris, not *en França, *en París

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin inde (“thence”). Compare French en, Italian ne.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [ən]
IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [en]

Pronoun

en (proclitic, contracted n', enclitic ne, contracted enclitic 'n)

Represents an indeterminate number or quantity of a given noun.
Represents a place (associated with the action described by the verb) that would be introduced by the preposition de.
Replaces a phrase introduced by the preposition de.
Replaces the object of a causative verb.

Usage notes

en cannot be used more than once as the object of a given verb.
While en is usually used to replace phrases beginning with the preposition de, adverbial phrases (e.g., de pressa) are replaced with hi.
en is sometimes used instead of ho to replace an adjective or indefinite noun as the predicate of a verb.
en is sometimes used popularly to add emphasis to a sentence: in this sense, it has no translation in English.
en is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a consonant.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
number	person		nominative	proclitic		enclitic		possessive
number	person		nominative	accusative	dative	accusative	dative	possessive
singular	1st	standard	jo, mi³	em, m’		-me, ’m		meu
	1st	majestic¹	nós	ens		-nos, ’ns		nostre
	2nd	standard	tu	et, t’		-te, ’t		teu
		formal¹	vós	us		-vos, -us		vostre
		very formal²	vostè	el, l’	li	-lo, ’l	-li	seu
	3rd	m	ell	el, l’	li	-lo, ’l	-li	seu
		f	ella	la, l’⁴	li	-la	-li	seu
		n	―	ho	li	-ho	-li	seu
plural
	1st		nosaltres	ens		-nos, ’ns		nostre
	2nd	standard	vosaltres	us		-vos, -us		vostre
	2nd	formal²	vostès	els		-los, ’ls		seu
	3rd	m	ells	els		-los, ’ls		seu
	3rd	f	elles	les	els	-les	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd reflexive			si	es, s’		-se, ’s		seu
adverbial	ablative/genitive		―	en, n’	―	-ne, ’n	―
adverbial	locative		―	hi	―	-hi	―

¹ Behaves grammatically as plural. ² Behaves grammatically as third person.
³ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈe̞n]
IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈen]

Noun

en f (plural ens)

(traditional) alternative form of ena (“the letter N”)

Central Franconian

Etymology 1

From Old High German in.

Alternative forms

on, ön (Eifel)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/

Preposition

en

(most dialects) in; into

Adverb

en

(most dialects) in

Etymology 2

From Old High German indi.

Alternative forms

on, un (predominant)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/

Conjunction

en

(some western dialects) and

Etymology 3

From Old High German ein.

Alternative forms

e (neuter and in some dialects masculine, before non-dental consonants)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ən/

Article

en (indefinite)

(most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
(most dialects) neuter nominative and accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants
(some dialects) masculine nominative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants
(some dialects) masculine accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ən/

Pronoun

en (personal, reduced)

(most dialects) him; masculine accusative
(some dialects) he; masculine nominative
(most dialects) them; plural dative

Chamorro

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/

Pronoun

en

ye, you (plural)

Usage notes

en is used as a subject of a transitive verb in realis mood, and as a subject with all verbs in irrealis mood. It is in complementary distribution with hamyo, which is generally used as an object of a transitive verb, and also as a subject of an intransitive verb in realis mood.

References

Donald M. Topping (1973), Chamorro Reference Grammar‎^[9], Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press

Chuukese

Pronoun

en

Second-person singular pronoun; you

Determiner

en (plural ekkan)

this (not in possession of the speaker)

Cimbrian

Pronoun

en

alternative form of in (“him”)

Cornish

Preposition

en

Revived Late Cornish form of yn (“in”)

Particle

en (triggers mixed mutation)

Revived Late Cornish form of yn (adverbial particle)

Verb

en

(short) first-person singular/plural simple imperfect indicative of bos (“to be”)
Yth en vy pur skwith.
I was very tired.

Yth en ni pur skwith.
We were very tired.

Crimean Tatar

Noun

en

width

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]

Noun

en n (indeclinable)

The name of the Latin script letter N/n.

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

in

Etymology

From Latin in.

Preposition

en

in

Related terms

nel, nei, nela

Danish

**Danish numbers ^(edit)**
		10
	← 0	1	2 →	10 →
Cardinal: en, et Ordinal: første
Danish Wikipedia article on 1

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ís?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos

Proto-Germanic *ainaz

Old Norse einn

Danish en

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/, [en], (stressed) [ˈeːˀn]

Article

en (neuter et)

a, an

Numeral

en (neuter et)

one

Pronoun

en or én (neuter et or ét, definite ene)

one

Usage notes

Used as the oblique form of the generic pronoun man:^[1]
Hvis ens lærer behandler en uretfærdigt, kan man klage til skolens leder
If one's teacher treats one unfairly, one can complain to the head of the school

References

^ Erik Hansen & Lars Hedtoft, Grammatik over det Danske Sprog (Odense 2011), vol. 2, 557.

Dutch

Pronunciation

(stressed) IPA^(key): /ɛn/
(unstressed) IPA^(key): /ən/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: en
(unstressed pronunciation) Homophone: een (“a(n)”)
Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch ende, from Old Dutch ande, inde, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entí.

Conjunction

en

and
De oude man en de zee. ― The Old Man and the Sea.
well, so
En, hoe gaat het ermee? ― Well, how're you doing?

En? ― Well?

En, wat zou dat? ― So what?
(mathematics) plus, and
Synonym: plus

Drie en vier is zeven. ― Three plus four is seven.

Alternative forms

ende (archaic)
enne, enneh (informal, childish)

Derived terms

Descendants

Afrikaans: en
Berbice Creole Dutch: an
Jersey Dutch: en
Negerhollands: en, an
Petjo: en
Sranan Tongo: èn

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.

Adverb

en

(colloquial or dialectal in Belgium, obsolete elsewhere) not (often with another negator, see usage notes)
- 1544, "Van proper Janneken" (song 123), in Dieuwke E. van der Poel, Dirk Geirnaert, Hermina Joldersma, J.B. Oosterman & Louis Peter Grijp (eds.) Het Antwerps liedboek, vol. 1, Lannoo (publ. 2004), page 283.
  Schoon soete lief, waert u bequame / Dat ghi mi gaeft een troostelijc woort, / Ic en soude certeyn geen ander boelken kiesen, / Al sout mi oock aen mijn leven gaen.
  Beautiful sweet darling, if it were pleasing to you / that you gave me a word of consolation, / I would certainly choose no other girlfriend, / even if it were to put my life at risk.
- 1632, Jacob Cats, Spiegel van den ouden ende nieuwen tijt, bestaende uyt spreeckwoorden ende sinspreucken, "Een rotten appel in de mande, maeckt oock het gave fruyt te schande.", in J. van Vloten (ed.), Alle de werken, vol. 1, 1862, page 649.
  Daer magh geen rotte peer in onse manden wesen, / En wat'er niet en deught, dat dient'er uyt gelesen;
  There should not be any rotten pear in our baskets, / and what is not of decent quality, that ought be taken out of it;
- "Herr Halewyn", A.H. Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Horae Belgicae, page 41.
  ‘Uw zoon heer Halewyn is gaen jagen, / g’ en ziet hem weêr uw levens dagen.’
  'Your son Lord Halewyn has gone hunting / you won't see him again for the rest of your life.'
- c. 1860, Guido Gezelle, Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan:
  Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan: / 't en zal! / dat 't waalsch gezwets zal boven slaan: / 't en zal!
  You say that Flemish will go extinct: / no, it won't! / That Walloon banter [i.e. Belgian French, not the Walloon language] will gain the upper hand: / No, it won't!
...dat aldaer binnen Utrecht niet meer geacht ende respecteert en wordt, ... ― that in Utrecht is no longer valued and respected...
(obsolete) only, merely, no other than, none other than (together with maar)

Usage notes

In historical usage, en is always used directly before the finite verb. When used to negate it is commonly accompanied by another negator: gij en zult niet stelen (“thou shalt not steal”), en wat er niet en deugt (“and what is not of decent quality”), ik en zoude certein geen ander boelken kiezen (“I would certainly not choose another girlfriend”). Also when used as a stand-alone negator or when combined with maar, it still stands directly before the finite verb. Use of the particle does not trigger a change in the word order.
In Belgian Dutch it is still sometimes used in certain regional lects and in the tussentaal (“informal registers influenced by both Standard Belgian Dutch and the regional lects”). Details and frequency of use depend on what regional language variety influences a given speaker's idiom, as well as on the speaker's preferences.
- In West Flemish usage broadly conforms to historical use: the negation particle may be used along with other negators, independentely or it may be omitted. It is also used as a stand-alone negator to contradict a previous statement that was phrased with positive polarity: Gij zegt dat 't Vlaams te niet zal gaan: / 't en zal! (“You say that Flemish will go extinct: / no, it won't!”)
- In Belgian Brabantian it is frequently omitted, but it may also be used directly before another negator rather than before the finite verb: en niet.
In contemporary Netherlands Dutch the use of the particle is limited to old proverbs, such as wat baten kaars en bril als de uil niet zien en wil.

Anagrams

ne

Esperanto

en

Prepositions of location

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Germanic *in

Proto-West Germanic *in

Old English in

Middle English in

English inbor.

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Old Latin en

Latin in

Italian inbor.

▲

Proto-West Germanic *in

Old High German in

Middle High German in

German inbor.

▲

Latin in

Catalan enbor.

▲

Latin in

Old French en

Middle French en

French enbor.

Occitan enbor.

Esperanto en

Borrowed from English in, Italian in, German in, Catalan en, French en, and Occitan en.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/
Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Audio 3: (file)
Rhymes: -en
Syllabification: en

Preposition

en

in, within, inside
Ĝi estas en la domo. ― It is in (within, inside) the house.
- 2008, Mauro Nervi, “Rekomendo [Recommendation]”, in Geoffrey Sutton, Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto 1887–2007 (overall work in English), Mondial, →ISBN, page 3:
  En tiu senhalta medito pri sia historio, ĉiu kulturo trovas rimedojn por kompreni sian aktualon, kaj por plani sian estontecon.
  In this unending meditation on its history, every culture finds the means to understand its present, and to plan its future.
- 2025 September 29, Jorge Nogueras, “La plej mallonga tago”, in uea.facila‎^[10], archived from the original on 12 December 2025:
  La rezulto estas kiel poezio, en kiu ĉiu vorto signife kontribuas al la rakonto.
  The result is like poetry, in which each word meaningfully contributes to the story.
into (when followed by a noun or phrase in the accusative case)
Li iras en la domon. ― He goes into the house.

Derived terms

ene

References

^ Ebbe Vilborg, “en”, in Etimologia Vortaro de Esperanto [Etymological Dictionary of Esperanto], volume 2, →ISBN, page 25
^ Cherpillod, André (2003), “en”, in Konciza Etimologia Vortaro [Concise Etymological Dictionary] (in Esperanto), Universala Esperanto-Asocio, →ISBN

Fala

Alternative forms

in (Valverdeñu)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese en, from Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

Preposition

en

in
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 2: Númerus:
  Cumu to é custión de proporciós, sin que sirva de argumentu por nun fel falta, poemus vel que en a misma Europa hai Estaus Soberarius con menus territoriu que os tres lugaris nossus, cumu: […]
  As everything is a matter of proportions, without its presence being an argument, we can see that even in Europe there are Sovereign States with less territory than our three places, such as: […]

Usage notes

The form in is more common in Valverdeñu.
When followed by definite articles, the nu/no, na, nus/nos, nas contracted forms may be used. These contractions are optional.

References

Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web), 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 124

Finnish

Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
Rhymes: -en
Syllabification^(key): en
Hyphenation^(key): en

Verb

en

first-person singular indicative of ei

Anagrams

-ne, -ne-, ne

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑ̃/, (before a vowel) /ɑ̃.n‿/
Audio: (file)
Audio (Switzerland (Valais)): (file)
Audio (France (Paris)): (file)
Audio (France (Toulouse)): (file)
Audio (France): (file)
Audio (France (Vosges)): (file)
Audio (France (Lyon)): (file)
Audio (France (Vosges)): (file)
Homophones: an, ans
Rhymes: -ɑ̃

Etymology 1

From Middle French en, from Old French en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Preposition

en

in (used to indicate space, also see usage notes)
J'habite en Angleterre. ― I live in England.
to (indicates direction towards certain very large locations, see usage notes)
Il est allé en France. ― He went to France.
by (used to indicate means)
aller en bus ― go by bus

partir en voiture ― leave by car
as
Il me traite en ami. ― He treats me as a friend.

habillé en père Noël ― dressed as Father Christmas
at (used to describe an ability)
fort en histoire ― good at history
of, made of (used to describe composition)
une chaise en hêtre ― a chair made of beech/a beech chair

une fourchette en métal ― a fork made of metal/a metal fork
in (during the following time (used for months and years))
en 1993 ― in 1993

en janvier ― in January

en septembre 2001 ― in September 2001
(followed by a gerund) while
(followed by a gerund) by, in (describing a way of getting something)
C'est en trichant qu'il est devenu champion. ― It was by cheating that he became champion.
in (used to describe color)
une photo en noir et blanc ― a photo in black and white
in (used to describe feelings)
en détresse ― in distress
in (as part of something)
en équipe ― on a team

Usage notes

En in the sense of while is often dropped when translated into English.
When referring to location such as countries, provinces, or similar subdivisions in sense 1 and direction in sense 2, en must be used when its name is either a feminine singular noun (not à la) or a vowel-initial masculine singular noun (not à l'). If the name for the very large location is a consonant-initial masculine singular noun, au is used, while if the name of the very large location is plural, aux is used.

Derived terms

compounds and contractions

locutions and syntagma

Etymology 2

From Latin inde (“thence”). Compare Catalan en, Italian ne.

Pronoun

en

Used as the object of a verb to indicate an indefinite quantity; of it, of them. Replaces the partitive article (du, de la, etc.)
Essaies-en !
Try some (of it / them)!

Tu as combien de livres ? J'en ai trois.
How many books do you have? I have three (of them).

Y a-t-il beaucoup de pièces ? Oui. Il y en a beaucoup.
Are there many rooms? Yes, there are many (of them).

Martin a trois sandwichs, mais j'en ai seulement deux.
Martin has three sandwiches, but I have only two (of them).

Il y en a combien ?
How many of them are there?

Je bois de l'alcool parce que j'en ai besoin
I drink alcohol because I need it.
- 1654, Blaise Pascal, Traité du triangle arithmétique:
  J'en donnerai ici la méthode, que je poursuivrai seulement en deux ou trois exemples, qui seront si aisés à continuer qu'il ne sera pas nécessaire d'en donner davantage.
  I shall give (of it) here the method that I shall pursue only in two or three examples, which will be so easy to continue that it will not be necessary to give more of them.
Adverbial preposition indicating movement away from a place already mentioned; from there, from it. Replaces the phrase de là or d’ici.
Est-ce qu'elle vient de Barcelone ? Oui, elle en vient.
Does she come from Barcelona? Yes, she comes from there.

Related terms

**French personal pronouns**
number	person	gender	nominative (subject)	accusative (direct complement)	dative (indirect complement)	locative (at)	genitive (of)	disjunctive (tonic)¹	emphatic reflexive
singular	first	—	je, j’	me, m’		—	—	moi	moi-même
	second	—	tu	te, t’		—	—	toi	toi-même
	third	masculine	il²	le, l’	lui	y	en	lui	lui-même
		feminine	elle	la, l’	lui	y	en	elle	elle-même
		indeterminate	on³, l’on (formal), ce⁴, c’, ça	—	—	—	—	—	—
		reflexive	—	se, s’⁵		—	—	soi	soi-même
plural	first	—	nous	nous		—	—	nous	nous-mêmes
	second⁶	—	vous	vous		—	—	vous	vous-mêmes, vous-même⁶
	third	masculine	ils⁷	les	leur	y	en	eux⁷	eux-mêmes⁷
	third	feminine	elles	les	leur	y	en	elles	elles-mêmes

¹ The disjunctive (tonic) forms are also used after an explicit preposition (de/d’, à, pour, chez, dans, vers, sur, sous, ...), instead the accusative, dative, genitive, locative, or reflexive forms, where a preposition is implied.
² Il is also used as an impersonal nominative-only pronoun.
³ On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms).
⁴ The nominal indeterminate form ce (demonstrative) can also be used with the auxiliary verb être as a plural, instead of the proximal or distal gendered forms.
⁵ The reflexive third person singular forms (se or s’) for accusative or dative are also used as third person plural reflexive.
⁶ Vous is also used as the polite singular form, in which case the plural disjunctive tonic vous-mêmes becomes singular vous-même.
⁷ Ils, eux and eux-mêmes are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.

Anagrams

N.-É., NE, NÉ, ne, né

Fula

Pronoun

en

first person plural inclusive pronoun;short form we

Usage notes

Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

References

Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
Ritsuko Miyamoto (1993), “A Study of Fula Dialects : Examining the Continuous/Stative Constructions”, in Senri Ethnological Studies‎^[15], volume 35, →DOI, archived from the original on 6 April 2023, pages 215-230

Gagauz

Cyrillic		ен

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jen/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish اَكْ (eŋ), from Proto-Turkic *eŋ. Compare Turkish en, Azerbaijani ən.

Adverb

en

used to make superlatives from the following adjective or adverb, most, -est.
en ii ― the best

en gözäl kız ― the prettiest girl

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish یك (yẹŋ), from Proto-Turkic *yẹŋ. Compare Turkish yen, Azerbaijani yen.

Noun

en (definite accusative eni, plural ennär)

sleeve, cuff

Declension

Declension of en
	singular (tekil)	plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın)	en	ennär
definite accusative (belirtme)	eni	enneri
dative (yönelme)	enä	ennerä
locative (bulunma)	endä	ennerdä
ablative (çıkma)	endän	ennerdän
genitive (tamlayan)	enin	ennerin

Galician

Alternative forms

em (reintegrationist)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈeŋ/ [ˈɪŋ]
Rhymes: -eŋ
Hyphenation: en

Preposition

en

in
when preceding a verb or a complement of a verb it can denote an unfinished or continued action:
O Manuel vai na casa ― Manuel went home (implying that eventually he'll be back)

María beberrica no licor ― María is sipping the liquor
- 1822, anonymous author, A Parola Polêteca:
  En escoitalo, señor tio Calacú, xà o peléxo do meu corpo tembra. Sei que á tanta agua que acarrexóu amolentoulle os miolos, é por eso louquéa
  While listening to you, my sir uncle Pumpkin, my body's skin trembles. Perhaps the much water you have carried softened you brain, and therefore you are going insane
- 1853, Xosé Manuel Pintos, A Gaita Gallega:
  xa morder ti ben non podes
  con tal podrico nos dentes,
  inda no pan teño mentes
  seique non podes chanchar
  you can no longer aptly eat
  with such rottenness in you teeth,
  even bread, I think,
  probably you cannot gnaw [chanchar means "bite", but en preceding pan, "bread", implies a repeated action]
while; as soon as (used in a gerundial clause to emphasize its conditional or temporal meaning)
En chegando mudas a roupa mollada ― As soon as you arrive change your wet clothes
- 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla., Ourense: I. E. O. P. F, page 111:
  Et o conde, en chegando et ferindo logo ẽnos mouros, todo en hũu o fezo
  And the count, [just] arriving, and hurting promptly the Moors, all in one he did that
- 1460, Rui Vasques, Corónica de Iria:
  en leendo perlos llibros algũus de canõicas antijgas, et preujlegios goticos dos santos catholicos et deuotos bispos de Yria et porla Escriptura, achey o fundamento para rreduzir aa memoria dos homes quanto durarõ çertas ydades
  [while/after] reading books, some of them of ancient canons, and Gothic privileges of the saint Catholic and devout bishops of Iria, and through the Bible, I found the foundation for reducing to the mind of men for how long some ages lasted
- 1461, X. Ferro Couselo (ed.), A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI. 2 vols. Vigo: Galaxia, page 141:
  dito testigo en seendo moço pequeno con seu tyo Afonso Dominges, guardando o gaando en Curro do Moyño, que le dixera o dito Afonso Domingees "bees, por aquy se parte ho término do conde do de Juan d'Estúñiga
  said witness [while/when] being a young boy and together with his uncle Afonso Domínguez, watching the cattle in Curro do Muíño, he was told by said Afonso Domínguez: "you see, here the term of the count limits with that of Xoán de Estúñiga"
- c 1850, anonymous author, “folk song”:
  Pasei pola túa porta;
  pedínch'auga, non ma deches;
  en pasando pola miña
  farei como ti fixeches.
  I passed by your door;
  I asked for water, you didn't give it to me.
  Whenever you pass by my door
  I'll do as yo did.

Usage notes

The preposition en contracts to n- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.

Contractions of en

En + article	Combined form
en + o	no
en + a	na
en + os	nos
en + as	nas
en + un	nun
en + unha	nunha
en + uns	nuns
en + unhas	nunhas

En + pronoun	Combined form
en + ela	nela
en + elas	nelas
en + el	nel
en + eles	neles

En + dem. pronoun	Combined form
en + aquela	naquela
en + aquelas	naquelas
en + aquel	naquel
en + aqueles	naqueles
en + aquilo	naquilo
en + ese	nese
en + esa	nesa
en + eses	neses
en + esas	nesas
en + este	neste
en + esta	nesta
en + estes	nestes
en + estas	nestas
en + iso	niso
en + isto	nisto
en + outra	noutra
en + outras	noutras
en + outro	noutro
en + outros	noutros

En + adverb	Combined form
en + estoutra	nestoutra
en + estoutro	nestoutro

References

“en”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
“en”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026
Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “en”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Santamarina, editor (2006–2013), “en”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Santamarina, Ernesto X. González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “en”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “en”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French un (“one”), from Latin ūnus (“one”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛ̃/

Numeral

en

one
Synonym: youn

References

Targète, Jean; Urciolo, Raphael (1993), Haitian Creole-English Dictionary‎^[16], Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page 58

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /n̩/, /eːn/

Determiner

en (indefinite)

a, an
Sie sitze aan em runde Disch.
They are sitting at a round table.

Pronoun

en

unstressed accusative of er: him

Inflection

Hunsrik personal pronouns
			nominative		accusative		dative
			proclitic	enclitic	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
singular	1st person		ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
	2nd person (informal)		du dau/Dau	-du, -de -Dau, -De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
	3rd person	m	er; där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
		f	sie; die	-se	sie / ihns	se	eer ehr	re
		n	es; das et, 't	's	es et	-et, -'t	ihm	em
plural	1st person		meer	mer	uns uhs
	2nd person		deer Ehr, Dehr	der	eich Auch
	3rd person		sie; die	-se	sie	se	denne

Declension

	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom./acc.	en, e
dative	em	ener	em

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse en. The meanings "than" and "but" developed from originally distinct forms. The comparative "than" is -an in Old Norse and -þan in Proto-Norse, probably related to English then, while the meaning "but" has formed from the augmentative.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɛn] (when unstressed)
IPA^(key): [ˈɛːn] (when stressed)

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Adverb

en

how
Nei, Elín? En gaman að sjá þig! ― Elín? How good to see you!

Conjunction

en

but
Ég drekk kaffi en ég drekk ekki te. ― I drink coffee but I don't drink tea.

Ég ætla að fá brauð en ekki mjólk. ― I'll have bread but not milk.
than (with an adjective in the comparative)
Ég er betri en bróðir minn. ― I'm better than my brother.

Hún er skemmtilegri en ég. ― She is funnier than I.
(formal written language) used to join closely linked sentences, similar in English to a semicolon and to then, which is etymologically the same as than
- 2019 April 25 (last accessed), “Baldur ákærður fyrir innherjasvik og brot í opinberu starfi”, in Vísir‎^[17], archived from the original on 19 September 2016:
  Rannsókn embættis sérstaks saksóknara á meintum innherjasvikum Baldurs Guðlaugssonar stóð yfir í rúmlega ár, en FME kærði málið með bréfi til embættisins hinn 9. júlí á síðasta ári.
  The investigation of the office of a certain prosecutor of Baldur Guðlaugsson supposed insider trading lasted more than a year, then FME filed the case with a letter to the office on July 9th of last year.
and (when joining two parallel clauses)
Sonur hans hét Jón, en dóttir hans Ása.
His son was named John, and his daughter, Ash.

Veðrið var ekki gott framan af: rigning á fjallinu, en þoka í byggð.
The weather was not good to begin with: rain in the mountains, and fog in the countryside.

Derived terms

Ido

Etymology

From French en, Spanish en, from Latin in, inde from Proto-Indo-European *én (“in”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/

Preposition

en

in

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/, [ɛn]

Noun

èn (plural en-en)

The name of the Latin script letter N/n.

Ingrian

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
(Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
Rhymes: -en
Hyphenation: en

Verb

en

first-person singular indicative of ei

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 29
Arvo Laanest (1997), Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 24

Anagrams

ne

Japanese

Romanization

en

Rōmaji transcription of えん

Jersey Dutch

Etymology 1

From Dutch een (“a”). Cognates include Afrikaans 'n.

Alternative forms

ên

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/, /ən/

Article

en

(indefinite article) Placed before a singular noun, indicating a general case of a person or thing: a, an.

Etymology 2

From Dutch en. Cognates include Afrikaans en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ən/

Conjunction

en

and
- 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:
  Hai waz nît tevrêde täus en […]
  He was not content at home and […]

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

Derived from Portuguese em.

Preposition

en

in

Kankanaey

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔen/ [ʔen]
Rhymes: -en
Syllabification: en

Article

en

oblique argument
1. a singular proper nominal marker
2. a personal pronoun marker, wherein "en" is followed by a class III pronoun

References

Janet L. Allen (2014), Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎^[18] (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 128

Kott

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *an^? (“wave, water”). Cognate with Ket аньбок (án’bok, “wave”), a compound word.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɛn], [ɛːn]

Noun

en, ên (en, e:n) n (plural ênaŋ (e:naŋ))

wave, undulation

References

Vajda, E. J., & Werner, H. K. (2022). Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary. Volume I (a–pʰ). LINCOM GmbH. (pp. 43, 284)
Werner, H. K. (1990). Kottskij Jazyk. Izdatelʼstvo Rostovskogo Universiteta. (p. 294)
Werner, H. K. (2002). Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen. Band 1: A–K. Harrassowitz Verlag. (pp. 38, 267)
Werner, H. K. (2003). M. A. Castrén und die Jenissejistik: Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Harrassowitz Verlag. (p. 175)

Ladino

Preposition

en (Hebrew spelling אין)

in
- 2000, David Altabé, “Ay koza triste en ser Sefaradi”, in Esther Benbassa, editor, Les Sépharades en littérature, page 164:
  En todas partes del mundo bivi,
  i pedasos de mi alma abandoni
  I've lived in all parts of the world,
  and abandoned pieces of my soul
- 2014, Şeli GAON, “La solidaridad”, in Şalom Gazetesi‎^[19], archived from the original on 21 February 2022:
  Deke la solidaridad es emportante? Porke la solidaridad es lo djusto. Porke; todos bivimos en una sosyetad...
  Why is solidarity important? Because solidarity is what is right. Because we all live in a society...

Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈeːn]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]

Interjection

ēn

look! behold! (presenting something in a lively or indignant manner)
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.534:
  “Ēn, quid agō?”
  “Look, what am I doing?”
  (Sleepless Dido considers her limited options. Regarding “ēn” in this context, R.G. Austin (1963) comments: “‘See’, or ‘Lo!’ in English does not really bring out its force, which is a mixture of exasperation and despair.”)
really!? (surprise or anger in questions)
come on! (exhortation to action in imperatives)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]

Noun

en n or f (indeclinable)

The name of the letter N.

Usage notes

Multiple Latin names for the letter N, n have been suggested. The most common is en or a syllabic n, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, nē, ən, nə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιννε (inne).

Coordinate terms

(Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References

en in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“en”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]

Preposition

en (+ accusative, ablative)

(Archaic Latin, Old Latin) alternative form of in (“in, within”)
- 7th–5th century BCE, Duenos inscription:
  𐌉𐌏𐌖𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌃𐌄𐌉𐌖𐌏𐌔𐌒𐌏𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌍𐌄𐌉𐌕𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌍𐌃𐌏𐌂𐌏𐌔𐌌𐌉𐌔𐌖𐌉𐌓𐌂𐌏𐌔𐌉𐌄𐌃
  𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌃𐌍𐌏𐌉𐌔𐌉𐌏𐌐𐌄𐌕𐌏𐌉𐌕𐌄𐌔𐌉𐌀𐌉𐌐𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌏𐌉𐌔
  𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌏𐌔𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌅𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌍𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌄𐌉𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌏𐌉𐌍𐌄𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌀𐌋𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌏𐌃
  [Iovesāt deivōs qoi mēd mītāt, nei tēd endō cosmis vircō siēd.
  Ast (t)ēd noisi op(p)etoit esiāi pākā rīvois.
  Duenos mēd fēced en mānōm (m)einom duenōi; nē mēd malos (s)tātōd.]
  IOVESATDEIVOSQOIMEDMITATNEITEDENDOCOSMISVIRCOSIED
  ASTEDNOISIOPETOITESIAIPAKARIVOIS
  DVENOSMEDFECEDENMANOMEINOMDVENOINEMEDMALOSTATOD
  The person who sends me prays to the gods, lest the girl be not kind towards thee.
  Without thee […] calm with [these] rivers.
  A good man made me (in good intention?) for a good man; may I not be stolen by an evil man.

Latvian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɛn]
Audio: (file)

Noun

en m (invariable)

The Latvian name of the Latin script letter N/n.

Leonese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin in.

Preposition

en

in

Usage notes

When followed by an article, en is combined with the next word to give the following combined forms:

Contractions of en

en + article	Combined form
en + el	nel
en + la	na
en + lu	nu
en + los	nos
en + las	nas

en + article	Combined form
en + un	nun
en + una	nuna
en + unos	nunos
en + unas	nunas

en + pronoun	Combined form
en + el	nél
en + eilla	neilla
en + eillu	neillu
en + eillos	neillos
en + eillas	neillas

en + dem. adjective	Combined form	en + dem. pronoun	Combined form
en + esti	nesti	en + ésti	nésti
en + esta	nesta	en + ésta	nésta
en + estu	nestu	en + éstu	néstu
en + estos	nestos	en + éstos	néstos
en + estas	nestas	en + éstas	néstas

en + dem. adjective	Combined form	en + dem. pronoun	Combined form
en + esi	nesi	en + ési	nési
en + esa	nesa	en + ésa	nésa
en + esu	nesu	en + ésu	nésu
en + esos	nesos	en + ésos	nésos
en + esas	nesas	en + ésas	nésas

en + dem. adjective	Combined form	en + dem. pronoun	Combined form
en + aquel	naquel	en + aquél	naquél
en + aqueilla	naqueilla	en + aquéilla	naquéilla
en + aqueillu	naqueillu	en + aquéillu	naquéillu
en + aqueillos	naqueillos	en + aquéillos	naquéillos
en + aqueillas	naqueillas	en + aquéillas	naquéillas

References

AEDLL

Livvi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈen/
Hyphenation: en
Rhymes: -en

Verb

en

first-person singular indicative of ei

References

N. Gilojeva; S. Rudakova (2009), Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect]‎^[20] (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 20
Olga Žarinova (2012), Pagizemmo Karjalakse [Let's speak Karelian], St Petersburg, →ISBN, page 142
Tatjana Boiko (2019), “ei”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 38

Low German

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛɪ̯n/, /ˈeːn/, /ˈæɪ̯n/, /ˈeːɪ̯n/

Article

en m or n (indefinite article)

(in some dialects) alternative form of een (“a, an”)

Numeral

en

(in some dialects, including Low Prussian) alternative form of een (“one (1)”)

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Noun

en m inan

The name of the Latin script letter n/N.

Lule Sami

Verb

en

first-person dual present of ij

Luxembourgish

Alternative forms

e (Eifel rule)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ən]
- Rhymes: -ən
- Homophone: Ënn
Note that the two etymologies are often phonetically distinct in context. This is because the article form triggers regular voicing of a preceding obstruent, whereas the pronoun (due to the etymologically underlying /h/) does not. For example, the phrase kritt en is pronounced [kʀi.d‿ən] when meaning “gets a”, but [kʀi.t‿ən] when meaning “gets him”.

Etymology 1

From Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz.

Article

en m or n

Indefinite article; a, an
Ech droen en Hutt, wann et reent. ― I wear a hat when it rains.

Hues du e bloe Stëft? ― Do you have a blue pen?

Declension

Luxembourgish indefinite articles
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nom./acc.	en	eng	en	(eng)
dative	engem	enger	engem	(engen)

Plural forms indicate a vague number (before numerals and certain adjectives).

Etymology 2

See the etymologies at the respective stressed forms.

Pronoun

en

unstressed form of hien
Hues de n e gefrot? ― Have you asked him?
unstressed form of hinnen
Ech hunn et e gesot. ― I told it them

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns
				nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
				stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	reflexive
singular	1st person			ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	informal		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	formal		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
	3rd person		m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
			f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
			n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
plural	1st person			mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
	2nd person			dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
	3rd person			si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Mandarin

Romanization

en (en⁵ / en⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄣ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗯

Romanization

en

nonstandard spelling of ēn
nonstandard spelling of én
nonstandard spelling of ěn
nonstandard spelling of èn

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole

Numeral

en

alternative spelling of enn (“one”)

Article

en

alternative spelling of enn (“a, an”)

References

Baker, Philip; Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987), Diksiyoner kreol morisyeṅ [Mauritian Creole Dictionary] (in French and English), Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN, page 93

Michif

**Michif cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : en Ordinal : premyee

Alternative forms

hen

Etymology

From Canadian French une.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]
Hyphenation: en

Numeral

en

one

Article

en f (masculine aeñ)

a, an

References

Nicole Rosen, editor (2026), “en”, in Michif Dictionary‎^[21], Algonquian Dictionary Project, →ISBN

Middle Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/

Adverb

en

alternative form of ne (“not”)

Conjunction

en

alternative form of ende (“and”)

Middle English

Preposition

en

alternative form of in (“in”)

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French en, from Latin in.

Preposition

en

on; on to

Descendants

French: en

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”).

Pronunciation

Unknown, possibly IPA^(key): /ɛn/ or /ən/.

Particle

en m

not; negates a verb, usage is facultative if it leads to a double negative
Idt en sal nümant syn Erve vryg verkopenn dar ander lüde wat anne hebbet. he en segget den kop to varenn.
Nobody shall [not] sell his inheritance, to which other people have rights attached, freely, unless he tell this to the buyer beforehand...
unless
Idt en sal nümant syn Erve vryg verkopenn dar ander lüde wat anne hebbet. he en segget den kop to varenn.
Nobody shall sell his inheritance, to which other people have rights attached, freely, unless he tell this to the buyer beforehand...

Alternative forms

ne (older, Eastphalian)

Mizo

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔen.

Verb

en

to look at

Derived terms

enfiah

Movima

Verb

en

to stand

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:

1 (tall)

Wikipedia ^no

**Norwegian Bokmål numbers ^(edit)**
		10
	← 0	1	2 →	10 →
Cardinal: en/én, ei/éi, et/ett Ordinal: første Ordinal abbreviation: 1. Latinate ordinal: primær Reverse ordinal: sist Adverbial: én gang Multiplier: enkel Distributive: enkeltvis Nominal: ener, ettall Fractional: hel, heil Combining form: ene- Latin cardinal prefix: uni- Greek cardinal prefix: mono-, mon- Greek ordinal prefix: proto-, prot- Grammatical number: entall, singularis Greek collective: monade Birth term: enling Bridge holding: singleton Musical terms: solo, (interval) prim Period in years: år

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse einn (“one”), from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one; single”).^[1]^[2] The indefinite article developed from the numeral. Its use as an indefinite pronoun developed later, probably under the influence of Middle Low German ein, ēn and German ein.

Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk ein, Danish en, Swedish en, Icelandic einn, Faroese ein, German ein, Dutch een and English one.

Pronunciation

(stressed) IPA^(key): /¹eːn/, [ˈèːn]
(unstressed) IPA^(key): /ən/, [ən]
Audio: (file)
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -eːn
Hyphenation: en
(unstressed) Homophone: -en

Numeral

en m (feminine ei, neuter ett or et, definite singular ene)

one; the cardinal number 1.
- 1879, Henrik Ibsen, Et dukkehjem‎^[22], page 8:
  Der er en krone. Nej, behold det hele.
  Here is one krone. No, keep it all.
Jeg trenger bare én stol. ― I only need one chair.

på én, to, tre — in no time
- 1918, Gunnar Heiberg, Samlede dramatiske verker III‎^[23], Aschehoug, page 239:
  Ja, saa skal det bli færdig i en-to-tre.
  Yes, then it will be finished in a flash.
- 1903, Otto Sverdrup, Nyt Land II‎^[24], Aschehoug, page 302:
  [snøen] smeltede i en to tre
  [the snow] melted in no time
- 1931, Helge Ingstad, Pelsjegerliv blandt Nord-Kanadas indianere‎^[25], Gyldendal, page 141:
  I ett-to-tre var teltene revet, sledene snørt og hundene opselet.
  In a flash the tents were taken down, the sleds lashed and the dogs harnessed.
- 1960, Johan Bojer, Vår egen stamme (1960)‎^[26], Gyldendal, page 107:
  [i Amerika] ble jo folk rike […] i en to tre
  [in America] people did get rich […] in no time
- 2003, Per Petterson, Ut og stjæle hester‎^[27], Oktober, page 35:
  greinene var […] lette å få tak i, og på én to tre var han flere meter oppe
  the branches were […] easy to get hold of, and in no time he was several metres up
- 2022, Lars Petter Sveen, Kunsten å stamme – uten at noen merker det‎^[28], Aschehoug, page 66:
  Ikke at jeg ville bli frisk på én, to, tre
  not that I would get well just like that
nummer én — number one; foremost
- 1911, Amalie Pettersen, Pettersens‎^[29], Aschehoug, page 18:
  Enten er en Husmor no 1 i sit Hus. Eller saa er hun ikke Husmor
  either a housewife is number one in her house. Or she is not a housewife
- 1998, May B. Lund, … ikke stykkevis og delt‎^[30], Gyldendal, page 44:
  Etter hva avisene skriver så er han mistenkt nummer én.
  According to what the newspapers say, he is the prime suspect.
- 2006 March 30, Fredriksstad Blad:
  bekjemp folkesykdom nummer en!
  fight the number one public health problem!
  Quoted in “en” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB)..
- 2018 December 7, Håkon Gundersen, “Kløften i våre hoder”, in Morgenbladet‎^[31]:
  Anine Kierulf, juristen, som er blitt vår folkeopplyser nummer én når det gjelder ytringsfrihet
  Anine Kierulf, the lawyer who has become our foremost public educator on freedom of expression
single; only; sole.
- 2011, “Matteus 19:17”, in Bibelen‎^[32], Bibelselskapet:
  Én er den gode.
  There is one who is good.
- 2011, “Lukas 10:42”, in Bibelen‎^[33], Bibelselskapet:
  […] Men ett er nødvendig. […]
  […] But one thing is necessary. […]
- 1926, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede Digte II‎^[34], Gyldendal, page 226:
  blant hundre, som grubler, til tænker blir én
  among a hundred who ponder, one becomes a thinker
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[35], page 53:
  Djævlen stå i alle kvinder, – – uden en –!
  The devil take all women—except one!
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[36], page 60:
  Der var ikke en, som med vilde vandre
  There was not one who would come along
- 1875, Henrik Ibsen, Digte‎^[37], Gyldendal, page 70:
  Fik jeg guders evne, en da blev min idræt: nornens færd at hævne.
  If I gained the powers of gods, one thing would be my endeavour: to avenge the Norn's actions.
- 1875, Henrik Ibsen, Digte‎^[38], Gyldendal, page 98:
  Et eneste skridt, – og det koster dig barn og viv!
  A single step—and it will cost you child and wife!
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Fru Inger til Østråt‎^[39], page 92:
  Hvis jeg kunde afsé to dage til det – eller blot en –
  If I could spare two days for it—or just one—
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Fru Inger til Østråt‎^[40], page 90:
  Sig mig kun et
  Tell me just one thing
- 1925, Herman Wildenvey, Fiken av Tistler‎^[41], Gyldendal, page 103:
  Men hvad var jeg uten ett: sangeren som kom til folket!
  But what was I without one thing: the singer who came to the people!
- 1985, Jon Michelet, Mannen på motorsykkelen‎^[42], Oktober, page 54:
  […] bare på ett område […]
  […] in only one respect […]
- 1985, Jon Michelet, Mannen på motorsykkelen‎^[43], Oktober, page 99:
  Ett mord er femten år […]
  One murder means fifteen years […]
- 1992, Dag Solstad, «Ellevte roman, bok atten»‎^[44], Oktober, page 65:
  […] bortsett fra én […]
  […] apart from one […]
- 1992, Dag Solstad, «Ellevte roman, bok atten»‎^[45], Oktober, page 21:
  […] én forestilling i året […]
  […] one production a year […]
- 2005, Øyvind Holen, Groruddalen‎^[46], Cappelen, page 152:
  Bare én av ti jenter med ikke-vestlig bakgrunn er med i et idrettslag
  only one in ten girls of non-Western background belongs to a sports club
- 2008, Unni Lindell, Mørkemannen‎^[47], Aschehoug, page 330:
  Hun åpnet kjøleskapet og tok ut to øl. Én med og én uten alkohol.
  she opened the refrigerator and took out two beers, one with and one without alcohol
ett og alt — one's everything
- 2001, Knut Hamsun, Knut Hamsuns brev. Supplementsbind‎^[48], Gyldendal, page 190:
  Børnebørn som lever med bedsteforældrene blir ett og alt for de Gamle
  grandchildren who live with their grandparents become everything to the old people
- 1988, Terje Stigen, Monolitten‎^[49], Gyldendal, page 155:
  du er mitt lys og mitt ett og alt og jeg elsker deg
  you are my light and my everything and I love you
ens ærend — expressly; specially for that purpose
- 1907, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, “Arne”, in Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons Fortællinger‎^[50], Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag, page 83:
  [Mathilde] var kommen fra byen ens ærend for at pynte hende som brud
  [Mathilde] had come from town for the sole purpose of dressing her as a bride
- 1908, Knut Hamsun, Rosa‎^[51], Gyldendal, page 319:
  Naturligvis har jeg ikke glemt hvad jeg gik ens Ærend for
  of course I have not forgotten what I made a special trip for
- 1917, Knut Hamsun, Markens Grøde I‎^[52], Gyldendal, page 12:
  nu faldt det ham ind at hun var kommet ens Ærend
  now it occurred to him that she had come on purpose
- 1917, Knut Hamsun, Markens Grøde I‎^[53], Gyldendal, page 103:
  Jeg trodde ikke det hastet med at slite ut ens Ærend saa gode Trætøfler.
  I did not think there was any hurry to wear out such good wooden clogs just for that.
- 2004, Fredrik Skagen, En by som ingen ainnen‎^[54], Gyldendal, page 216:
  [de] kom nedover i ens ærend for å se kampen mot Odd
  [they] came down specifically to watch the match against Odd
- 2010, Gaute Heivoll, Før jeg brenner ned‎^[55], Tiden, page 27:
  man kjørte ens ærend opp til ham med nyheten
  a special trip was made up to his house to bring him the news
- 2017, Kaja Schjerven Mollerin, Vigdis, del for del‎^[56], Gyldendal, page 183:
  Han reiser ens ærend til Hollywood for å fri, men blir blankt avvist
  he travels to Hollywood for the sole purpose of proposing, but is flatly rejected
for én gangs skyld — for once
- 1882, Henrik Ibsen, chapter IV, in En folkefiende‎^[57], page 160:
  Kan I da ikke tåle at høre sandhedens røst for en gangs skyld?
  Can you not bear to hear the voice of truth for once?
one considered individually, as opposed to a group.
- 1996, Dag Solstad, Professor Andersens natt‎^[58], Oktober, page 5:
  […] en fra hver av hans voksne nevøer.
  […] one from each of his grown-up nephews.
alle som én — every single one
- 1918, Gunnar Heiberg, Samlede dramatiske verker III‎^[59], Aschehoug, page 52:
  Tapre alle som en?
  Brave, every one of them?
- 2004, Annæus Schjødt, Mange liv‎^[60], Gyldendal, page 20:
  Vi hoppet på ski, alle som en, enten vi hadde evner i den retningen eller ikke.
  we all went ski jumping, every one of us, whether or not we had any talent for it
én etter én / én og én / én for én — one by one
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Fru Inger til Østråt‎^[61], page 39:
  hun kasted sine små bagud efter sig, en for en
  she threw her little ones behind her, one by one
- 1985, Jon Michelet, Mannen på motorsykkelen‎^[62], Oktober, page 103:
  […] arkene ett etter ett […]
  […] the sheets one by one […]
- 1992, Dag Solstad, «Ellevte roman, bok atten»‎^[63], Oktober, page 51:
  […] en etter en.
  […] one by one.
én for alle, alle for én — one for all, all for one
- 2008, Toril Brekke, Gullrush‎^[64], Aschehoug, page 62:
  det fantes en pakt mellom disse som hadde handlet i sin rettferdighets vrede; én for alle, og alle for én
  there was a pact between those who had acted in their righteous anger: one for all, and all for one
én for alle, alle for én — (law) jointly and severally
- 1985, Lov om endringer i erstatningslovgivningen‎^[65], § 5-3(1):
  Flere som plikter å betale erstatning for samme skade, svarer en for alle og alle for en.
  Several persons liable to pay compensation for the same damage are jointly and severally liable.
ett og hint — this and that
- 2024 February 28, John Steffensen, “Eksperter på rekke og rad”, in John Steffensen‎^[66]:
  […] mange av ekspertene som uttalte seg om ett og hint, sjelden var i nærheten av å få rett […]
  […] many of the experts who spoke about this and that were rarely anywhere near being right […]
hver og en — each and every one
- 1882, Henrik Ibsen, En folkefiende‎^[67], page 141:
  det ved hver og en, som kender mig
  everyone who knows me knows that
- 1903, Otto Sverdrup, Nyt Land II‎^[68], Aschehoug, page 234:
  Bjørnen kunde gjøre det af med Hundene hver og en
  The bear could have finished off every one of the dogs
- 2004, Karl Ove Knausgård, En tid for alt‎^[69], Oktober, page 191:
  Hver og en skulle selv beslutte hva som ville være best for dem og deres familie
  each and every one was to decide for themselves what would be best for them and their family
- 2008, Wenche-Britt Hagabakken, Kjære Jonny Henriksen‎^[70], Aschehoug, page 82:
  [hun] fester blikket skarpt på hver og en av oss etter tur
  [she] fixes her sharp gaze on each of us in turn
(with av) one of a group or set.
- 1882, Henrik Ibsen, En folkefiende‎^[71], page 219:
  nu er jeg en af de stærkeste mænd i hele verden
  now I am one of the strongest men in the whole world
- 1898, Amalie Skram, chapter XLIV, in Afkom‎^[72], 3rd edition, published 1924:
  [Riber] traf Lina alene i en af Dagligstuerne
  [Riber] found Lina alone in one of the sitting rooms
- 1987, Dag Solstad, Roman 1987‎^[73], page 327:
  jeg foreleste i et av de kjedeligste emnene innafor historiestudiet
  I lectured on one of the most boring subjects in the history course
- 1996, Dag Solstad, Professor Andersens natt‎^[74], page 13:
  […] i ett av vinduene
  […] in one of the windows
En av stolene er ledig. ― One of the chairs is free.

en av dagene — one of these days
- 1879, Henrik Ibsen, Et dukkehjem‎^[75], page 110:
  har De kanske udvej til at rejse penge en af dagene?
  do you perhaps have a way of raising money one of these days?
- 1931, Cora Sandel, Alberte og friheten‎^[76], page 192:
  […] en av dagene, ikke sant?
  […] one of these days, all right?
- 2011, Christopher Friis-Baastad Grøndahl og Arne Svingen, Dårekisten‎^[77], page 340:
  jeg stikker nok innom en av dagene
  I will probably drop by one of these days
one; a unified whole.
- 1926, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede Digte II‎^[78], Gyldendal, page 138:
  det mindste og største løber i ét
  the smallest and the greatest merge into one
- 1865, H. Schulze, Fra Lofoten og Solør‎^[79], Cappelen, page 15:
  Hele Søen stod i en Damp
  The whole lake was one mass of mist
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[80], page 122:
  alt til et at samle
  to gather everything into one
- 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Kejser og Galilæer‎^[81], page 269:
  Alle Grækere vil råbe med en mund
  All Greeks will cry out with one voice
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Fru Inger til Østråt‎^[82], page 43:
  Det står i min magt at rejse dem alle som en mand
  It is in my power to rouse them all as one
- 1886, Henrik Ibsen, Rosmersholm‎^[83], page 202:
  nu er vi to et
  now we two are one
- 1886, Jonas Lie, Kommandørens døttre‎^[84], Gyldendalske Boghandels Forl., page 57:
  I én Krøl altsammen!
  All in one tangle!
- 1993, Tor Ulven, Avløsning‎^[85], Gyldendal, page 151:
  den døde hunden der nede i jorden, […] i ett med naturen
  the dead dog down there in the earth, […] at one with nature
- 2010, Eivind Buene, Enmannsorkester‎^[86], page 185:
  koret blir til én stemme
  the choir becomes one voice
- 2011, Simen Ekern, Roma‎^[87], page 206:
  Garibaldi, 1800-tallshelten som bidro til å samle Italia til ett rike
  Garibaldi, the nineteenth-century hero who helped unite Italy into one kingdom
alt i ett — continually; all-in-one
- 1852, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter‎^[88], volume I, page 205:
  Tilbage du, som trækker i Lommen Alt i Eet
  Away with you, who keep putting things into your pocket all the time
- 1879, P.Chr. Asbjørnsen, Norske Folke- og Huldre-Eventyr‎^[89], page 105:
  jeg tykker det mumler: „Sild og Vælling og Grød og Mælk,“ indi det alt i Et
  I think it keeps muttering “Herring and gruel and porridge and milk” inside it
- 1907, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons Fortællinger‎^[90], page 102:
  alt i ét skottede han op til loftsvinduet
  he kept glancing up at the attic window
- 1918, Gabriel Scott, Kilden‎^[91], page 101:
  hun prater og ler alt i et
  she talks and laughs incessantly
- 1955, Liv Balstad, Nord for det øde hav‎^[92], page 236:
  […] alt i ett.
  […] all the time.
- 1985, Knut Faldbakken, Glahn‎^[93], page 43:
  Jeg måtte alt i ett fare med tungen over leppene som for å gjenoppvekke smaken av Edvardas kyss
  I kept having to run my tongue over my lips, as if to revive the taste of Edvarda’s kiss
gå i ett — to merge; to become indistinguishable
- 1908, Bernt Lie, Justus Hjelm‎^[94], page 94:
  Det gik i ett for ham, Onkel Hjelms fortælling og han selv
  Uncle Hjelm’s story and the man himself merged into one for him
- 1991, Olav Angell, Oslo i skumring‎^[95], page 244:
  I mørket kan hun ikke skjelne detaljer, alt går i ett
  In the dark she cannot distinguish details; everything blends together
- 1996, Finn Carling, En annen vei‎^[96], page 5:
  dagene og nettene […] gikk i ett
  the days and nights […] ran together
- 2010, Line Merethe Nyborg, Bare mamma som er Gud‎^[97], page 131:
  himmel og vann går i ett, alt er gråhvitt
  sky and water merge; everything is greyish white
- 2017, Lars Saabye Christensen, Byens spor. Ewald og Maj‎^[98], page 31:
  det snør på Vestre Gravlund. Sporene bak fru Vik går snart i ett
  it is snowing at Vestre Cemetery. The tracks behind Mrs Vik soon blend together
- 2022, Lars Elling, Fyrstene av Finntjern‎^[99], page 277:
  […] Tjern og myrer går i ett.
  […] Ponds and marshes merge into one.
gå i ett — to continue nonstop
- 1918, Hans E. Kinck, Sneskavlen brast‎^[100], volume I, page 97:
  nu øket farten, grahestene blev rent galne; det gik i ett og uten stans
  now the pace increased; the grey horses went quite wild; it went on continuously, without stopping
- 1996, Unni Lindell, Slangebæreren‎^[101], page 202:
  De neste dagene gikk i ett.
  The next few days were a nonstop blur.
- 2011, Christopher Friis-Baastad Grøndahl og Arne Svingen, Dårekisten‎^[102], page 167:
  […] Og siden hadde det gått i ett.
  […] And since then it had been nonstop.
gå i ett med — to blend in with
- 1925, Sigrid Undset, Olav Audunssøn i Hestviken‎^[103], page 574:
  underansigtet skraadde indover og gik i ett med det slaskede kjøtt nedover halsen hendes
  the lower part of her face sloped inwards and merged with the flabby flesh down her neck
- 2001, Bente Pedersen, Harpunsønnene‎^[104], page 185:
  Vi gikk i ett med buskene.
  We blended into the bushes.
- 2002, Thorvald Steen, Den lille hesten‎^[105], page 189:
  den brune buksa og jakka fikk ham til å gå i ett med terrenget
  the brown trousers and jacket made him blend into the terrain
- 2008, Marit Opeide, Øyeblikk av øst‎^[106], page 288:
  Skien og Porsgrunn går i ett med hverandre
  Skien and Porsgrunn merge into each other
- 2010, Lars Saabye Christensen, Bernhard Hvals forsnakkelser‎^[107], page 24:
  […] men som gikk i ett med det de andre het.
  […] but which blended in with what the others were called.
- 2022, Lars Elling, Fyrstene av Finntjern‎^[108], page 180:
  […] fordi de gikk i ett med bladene […]
  […] because they blended in with the leaves […]
i ett og alt — in every respect
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Fru Inger til Østråt‎^[109], page 54:
  vi kan jo sikkert forlade os på dig i et og alt
  we can surely rely on you in every respect
- 1935, Cora Sandel, Mange takk doktor‎^[110], page 259:
  Lola geberder sig i ett og alt som hovedperson, gjør sig ustanselig gjeldende
  Lola behaves in every respect like the central figure, constantly making her presence felt
- 2005, Inge Eidsvåg, Den gode lærer i liv og diktning‎^[111], page 168:
  [han] forlanger at hun skal føye seg i ett og alt
  [he] demands that she comply in every respect
i ett vekk / i ett sett — continually
- 1882, Alexander L. Kielland, chapter VI, in Skipper Worse‎^[112]:
  […] naar de er paa Session, sidder han og bander og skjælder i et væk […]
  […] when they are being examined for military service, he sits there swearing and scolding nonstop […]
- 1930, Sigrid Undset, “II.6”, in Den brennende busk‎^[113], Aschehoug, published 1949, page 204:
  Men han snakket i ett sett – om tordenværet natten før […]
  But he talked nonstop—about the thunderstorm the night before […]
stå på ett — (dialectal) to join forces
- 1924, Mikkjel Fønhus, Raudalsdansen‎^[114], page 23:
  Røyskatten og Augneselten stod nok på ett, og Eivind vilde få å gjøre med dem begge
  Røyskatten and Augneselten were probably in league, and Eivind would have to deal with both of them
være ett med — to be at one with
- 1948, Alf Larsen, Den kongelige kunst‎^[115], page 89:
  den tidsbevissthet som han innerst inne følte var ett med hans jegbevissthet
  the awareness of time that, deep down, he felt was one with his awareness of self
- 1994, Egil A. Wyller, Sokrates og filosofien i Athen‎^[116], page 133:
  den greske filosof var ett med livet rundt seg
  the Greek philosopher was at one with the life around him
- 2009, Johan B. Mjønes, Terminalhastighet‎^[117], page 186:
  holde rundt deg, være ett med deg
  to hold you, to be one with you
single; continuous; one and the same; identical.
- 1858, Nicolai Ramm Østgaard, Fra Skov og Fjeld‎^[118], page 60:
  een sammenhængende Fjeldmasse
  one continuous mountain mass
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, De unges forbund‎^[119], page 160:
  Her snakker du i et åndedrag om vejarbejder og kærlighed.
  Here you are talking about roadworks and love in the same breath.
- 1879, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Leonarda‎^[120], page 28:
  jeg gik hele dagen i én fryd
  I spent the whole day in a state of sheer delight
- 1898, Kristian Elster, Samlede Skrifter‎^[121], volume I, page 145:
  forenede i én Længsel, ét Haab
  united in a single longing, a single hope
- 1907, Bernt Lie, Mot Overmagt‎^[122], page 98:
  [hele Familien var] i en Forundring — over Presten
  [the whole family was] utterly astonished — at the minister
- 2004, Levi Henriksen, Snø vil falle over snø som har falt‎^[123], page 200:
  [hun] dro frakken på i én lang bevegelse
  [she] pulled on her coat in one long movement
én og samme — one and the same
- 1892, Amalie Skram, Forraadt‎^[124], page 159:
  Synes De, det er morsomt at bli spurgt om ét og det samme paa én og samme dag af ét og det samme, nej, af alle mulige mennesker?
  Do you think it is amusing to be asked about one and the same thing on one and the same day by one and the same—no, by all sorts of people?
- 1997, Morten Harry Olsen, Naken for leseren, naken for Gud‎^[125], page 17:
  hundre bøker om ett og samme tema
  a hundred books about one and the same topic
- 2016, Nina Lykke, Nei og atter nei‎^[126], page 80:
  [hun hadde] hatt én og samme jobb siden hun tok sin master i statsvitenskap
  [she had] held the same job ever since getting her master’s degree in political science
med én gang — immediately
- 1916, Dikken Zwilgmeyer, Inger-Johanne-bøkerne‎^[127], volume III, page 38:
  Kanske det var bedst at si det til far med én gang
  Perhaps it would be best to tell Father straight away
- 1994, Olav Angell, Snapshots‎^[128], page 104:
  Jeg kjenner henne igjen med én gang
  I recognize her immediately
- 2013, Tomas Espedal, Bergeners‎^[129], page 153:
  Den første kvelden sovner han nesten med én gang han legger hodet på puten.
  On the first evening he falls asleep almost as soon as he lays his head on the pillow.
med én gang — (obsolete) suddenly
- 1884, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Det flager i byen og paa havnen‎^[130], page 409:
  Den siste dags eftermiddag blev fru Rendalen med én gang mismodig.
  On the afternoon of the last day, Mrs Rendalen suddenly became despondent.
med ett — suddenly
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[131], page 104:
  her blev stygt med et
  it suddenly became ugly here
- 1884, Alexander L. Kielland, Fortuna‎^[132], page 128:
  Han mindedes med et store Huse, der pludseligt var styrtede sammen
  he suddenly remembered great houses that had abruptly collapsed
- 1946, Margrethe Munthe, Kom skal vi synge‎^[133], page 85:
  du skulle bare sett […] hvor blek han ble med ett!
  you should just have seen […] how pale he suddenly became!
- 1992, Dag Solstad, Ellevte roman, bok atten‎^[134], page 10:
  […] Med ett […] midt inne i Norge […]
  […] Suddenly […] right in the heart of Norway […]
- 2010, Gaute Heivoll, Før jeg brenner ned‎^[135], page 17:
  Det var med ett uhyggelig å høre sin egen stemme
  Suddenly it was eerie to hear his own voice
på én gang — simultaneously
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, De unges forbund‎^[136], page 229:
  Om ti–femten år sidder Stensgård i folkets eller i kongens råd, – kanske i dem begge på engang.
  In ten or fifteen years Stensgård will sit in the people’s or the king’s council—perhaps in both at once.
- 2010, Sofie Hexeberg og Gunn-Karin Sakariassen, Frisk med lavkarbo‎^[137], page 17:
  Det er i grunnen rart at man må ha så mye hygge på én gang. […]
  It is rather strange, really, that one needs so much enjoyment at once. […]
gå ut på ett / komme ut på ett — to amount to the same thing
- 1886, Henrik Ibsen, Rosmersholm‎^[138], page 34:
  […] Det kan komme mig ud på et.
  […] It makes no difference to me.
- 1919, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede digter-verker‎^[139], volume I, page 181:
  Det kommer vel paa Et ud
  It probably amounts to the same thing
- 1919, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede digter-verker‎^[140], volume VI, page 105:
  det kunde komme ut på ét
  it could amount to the same thing
- 1959, Finn Halvorsen, Jomfruen, helgenen og banditten‎^[141], page 174:
  Hvem hun i virkeligheten elsket, om det var Vårherre eller ham, kunne da gå ut på ett
  Whom she really loved, whether it was the Lord or him, could surely amount to the same thing
- 2009, Jørgen Gunnerud, Byen med det store hjertet‎^[142], page 50:
  […] om Sverre senior virkelig var så betatt av sin svigerdatter, kom ut på ett.
  […] whether Sverre senior really was so taken with his daughter-in-law, it made no difference.
være ett — (now rare) to be the same
- 1853, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter‎^[143], volume VII, page 7:
  Dumhed og Trældom ere Eet
  Stupidity and servitude are one and the same

Usage notes

The optional acute accent in én distinguishes stressed numerical “one” from the unstressed article. The corresponding feminine spelling is éi. In the neuter, stressed ett contrasts with unstressed et; the choice can depend on emphasis, including in expressions such as et(t) eller annet and et(t) eneste. The definite form is ene, as in den ene boka (“the one book”) or den ene og den andre (“the one and the other”).^[3]

Alternative forms

én (optionally accented to indicate stress)

Article

en m or f (feminine ei or en, neuter et)

a, an; the indefinite article, introducing a singular countable noun.
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[144], page 7:
  slig en buk, så blank og fed
  such a buck, so sleek and fat
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[145], page 64:
  Hej, for en skinnende port!
  Hey, what a shining gate!
- 1886, Henrik Ibsen, Rosmersholm‎^[146], page 154:
  En tid bagefter
  Some time afterwards
- 1917, Knut Hamsun, Markens Grøde‎^[147], volume II, page 150:
  han kunde bare ymte et Ord om Leopoldine
  he needed only to hint a word about Leopoldine
- 1949, Johan Borgen, Vikinger. Eventyr‎^[148], page 85:
  […] et ærend inn i landet […] e jente […]
  […] an errand inland […] a girl […]
- 1985, Jon Michelet, Mannen på motorsykkelen‎^[149], page 36:
  […] i et stålskap
  […] in a steel cabinet
- 1992, Torgrim Eggen, Gjeld‎^[150], page 48:
  hun har en nydelig kropp
  she has a lovely body
- 2018, Gaute Heivoll, Rottefangeren fra Sorø‎^[151], page 12:
  […] et sted i huset
  […] somewhere in the house
- 2023, Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson, Skogen‎^[152], page 62:
  Når ei furu eldes, endres utseendet
  when a Scots pine ages, its appearance changes
- 2022, Håkon F. Høydal, Abida Raja‎^[153], page 11:
  Foreldrene var en del av den første bølgen av arbeidsinnvandrere fra Pakistan
  her parents were part of the first wave of migrant workers from Pakistan
- 1926, Mikkjel Fønhus, Reinsbukken på Jotunfjell‎^[154], page 45:
  en skulde aldrig gå inn i ei bu om kvelden
  one should never go into a hut in the evening
- 1954, Arthur Omre, Gullmyntene‎^[155], page 184:
  […] til ei ku
  […] for a cow
- 1985, Jon Michelet, Mannen på motorsykkelen‎^[156], page 48:
  […] et hodeplagg å løfte […]
  […] a hat to raise […]
- 1875, Henrik Ibsen, Digte‎^[157], page 85:
  Han var i sin ungdom en vild krabat
  In his youth he was a wild fellow
- 1932, Sven Elvestad og Per Krohg, 13 mennesker‎^[158], page 151:
  [han hadde] sett på bolsjevismen som på dyret i åpenbaringen: Foran en løve, bak e' ku
  [he had] regarded Bolshevism as the beast of Revelation: a lion in front, a cow behind
- 1992, Torgrim Eggen, Gjeld‎^[159], page 45:
  [Dalai Lama] er en bra fyr
  [the Dalai Lama] is a good fellow
- 1996, Dag Solstad, Professor Andersens natt‎^[160], page 34:
  […] må ha vært en snobb
  […] must have been a snob
- 2010, Inge Eidsvåg, Minnene ser oss‎^[161], page 125:
  […] som en morder
  […] like a murderer
Vi kjøpte en stol, ei lampe og et bord. ― We bought a chair, a lamp and a table.

Hun er en god lærer. ― She is a good teacher.
1. used to characterize something, including an otherwise uncountable noun.
  - 1898, Kristian Elster, Samlede Skrifter‎^[162], volume I, page 63:
    de fører et Regimente her i Byen — aa!
    they rule the roost here in town — oh!
  - 1900, Vilhelm Krag, Isaac Seehuusen‎^[163], page 318:
    Og da blev der en Snakking!
    And then there was such a lot of talk!
  - 1996, Dag Solstad, Professor Andersens natt‎^[164], page 7:
    […] kjente en fredsommelighet i seg […]
    […] felt a peacefulness within himself […]
  - 2010, Lars Saabye Christensen, Bernhard Hvals forsnakkelser‎^[165], page 264:
    jeg våknet av et leven, hun hadde drukket
    I woke to a racket; she had been drinking
2. used in expressions of a limited duration.
  - 1957, Gerd Grieg, Nordahl Grieg – slik jeg kjente ham‎^[166], page 238:
    Han spurte om jeg hadde noe imot at han reiste bort en tid
    he asked whether I minded him going away for a while
  - 1992, Dag Solstad, «Ellevte roman, bok atten»‎^[167], page 79:
    […] en stund i taushet
    […] for a while in silence
(before a proper noun) a, an.
1. a member of the named family.
  - 1891, Anatole France, “Clementines Datter, III. Den lille St. Georges”, in Anna Lassen, transl., Sylvestre Bonnards forbrydelse‎^[168], Alb. Cammermeyers Forlag, page 125:
    En Tascher vil ikke sige meget, men en Bonaparte er ingenting.
    Being a Tascher does not amount to much, but being a Bonaparte is nothing.
2. a certain person, whose identity is unfamiliar or unimportant.
  - 1862, “Luke 23:26”, in Vor Herres og Frelsers Jesu Christi nye Testamente‎^[169], page 122:
    […] fat paa en Simon af Cyrene
    […] hold of a certain Simon of Cyrene
  - 1845, Sophie Dedekam, Dagbok og brev fra en reise til Paris i 1845‎^[170], published 2000, page 11:
    Kort før vi reiste […] , kom Anders Messell og en Selmer fra Fredrikshald
    Shortly before we left […] , Anders Messell and a certain Selmer from Fredrikshald arrived
  - 1857, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter‎^[171], volume VIII, pages 88–89:
    i Berlin fik [Ole] Bull en farligere Fiende i en Professor Fink, Redaktør af Leipziger musikalische Zeitung
    in Berlin [Ole] Bull found a more dangerous enemy in a certain Professor Fink, editor of the Leipziger musikalische Zeitung
  - 1952, Henrik Ibsen, Samlede verker‎^[172], volume XIX, page 122:
    en Lars fra Aure
    a certain Lars from Aure
  - 1879, Henrik Ibsen, Et dukkehjem‎^[173], page 53:
    var ikke den dame en fru Linde?
    was that lady not a Mrs Linde?
  - 1988, Knut Faldbakken, Bad boy‎^[174], page 87:
    man [har da] viktigere ting å foreta seg, enn å formidle samtaler til en herr Hoff
    surely one [has] more important things to do than put through calls to a Mr Hoff
3. a work by the named artist.
  - 1970, Billedbladet NÅ‎^[175], number 22, page 27:
    […] en Weidemann […]
    […] a Weidemann [painting] […]
4. used before a famous person's name to invoke their stature.
  - 1957, Edvard Grieg, Artikler og taler‎^[176], page 197:
    det er ikke bare en Holberg, Welhaven, Ole Bull, jeg har lært af
    it is not just a Holberg, a Welhaven or an Ole Bull that I have learnt from
5. a person comparable to the named individual.
  - 1896, Henrik Ibsen, John Gabriel Borkman‎^[177], page 96:
    Jeg føler mig som en Napoleon, der blev skudt til krøbling i sit første feltslag.
    I feel like a Napoleon who was shot and crippled in his first battle.
any member of the specified class.
- 1992, Torgrim Eggen, Gjeld‎^[178], page 40:
  En mann skal jo leve
  a man has to make a living, after all
det skal kule til en trønder — it takes forceful means to overcome a person from Trøndelag
- 2023 December 14, Ole Kirkemo, “Fire ess og en verdensstjerne”, in Jakt & Fiske‎^[179]:
  Det skal som kjent en kule til en trønder.
  As everyone knows, it takes a bullet to bring down someone from Trøndelag.

Usage notes

En is used with masculine nouns and can also be used with feminine nouns; ei is the specifically feminine form, and et is neuter. Unlike numerical “one”, the article is normally unstressed. A bare occupational or classificatory noun can occur without it after a verb such as være: hun er lærer (“she is a teacher”). It is normally present when that noun is characterized: hun er en god lærer (“she is a good teacher”).

Pronoun

en (genitive ens)

one, impersonal you; people in general.
- 1850 November 30, Halfdan Kjerulf, “Dagbøker for årene 1833, 1840, 1850, 1851”, in Halfdan Kjerulfs dagbøker‎^[180], volume 1, Norsk musikksamling, Universitetsbiblioteket i Oslo, published 1990, page 189:
  Aldrig staar Ens egen Intethed tungere for En end naar man saaledes i en menneskelig, […] Stræben og Virken kan see sig i Speil.
  Never does one’s own insignificance weigh more heavily on one than when one can thus see oneself reflected in human […] striving and activity.
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[181], page 104:
  Gå udenom, sa’e Bøjgen. En får så her.
  Go round, said the Boyg. One must do so here.
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[182], page 135:
  Men står man berget på det tørre, som jeg, da er ens indsats større.
  But if one is safe and dry, as I am, then one’s stake is greater.
- 1882, Henrik Ibsen, En folkefiende‎^[183], page 13:
  Det er noget, en lærer at sætte pris på, når man, som vi, har levet på sulteforing […]
  That is something one learns to appreciate when, like us, one has lived on starvation rations […]
- 1926, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede Digte‎^[184], volume 2, Gyldendal, page 246:
  Og føræn en sanset det, mere kom til, […]
  And before one knew it, more was added, […]
- 1949 April 9, Nordlys‎^[185], page 4:
  en kan gå to og to i «bredda»
  one can walk two abreast
- 1955 September 2, Francis Bull, Tale ved femtiårsstudentenes fest : 2. september 1955‎^[186], page 7:
  Både glede og vemod kommer opp i en […]
  Both joy and melancholy well up in one […]
- 1994, Finn Carling, Frokost i det skjønne‎^[187], Gyldendal, page 71:
  Det eneste man skjønte var at de i hvert fall ikke var ens venner
  The only thing one understood was that they were, at any rate, not one’s friends.
- 2008, Kari Bøge, Komponisten‎^[188], Aschehoug, page 120:
  Han vet jo godt hvordan en skal te seg
  He knows perfectly well how one should behave.
Synonym: (as a subject) man

En lærer så lenge en lever. ― One learns as long as one lives.
someone; an unspecified person.
- 1886, Henrik Ibsen, Rosmersholm‎^[189], page 80:
  Der er en nede, som gerne vilde snakke et ord med pastoren
  There is someone downstairs who would like a word with the pastor
- 1919, Kristian Elster d.y., Av Skyggernes Slegt‎^[190], page 7:
  Da de kom ut paa landeveien, stod der en og ventet paa dem
  When they came out onto the road, someone was standing there waiting for them
- 2008, Kari Bøge, Komponisten‎^[191], page 145:
  […] lyden av en som renset nese og svelg
  […] the sound of someone clearing his nose and throat
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[192], page 31:
  Du finder nok en som vil ha’e dig
  You will surely find someone who will have you
- 1988, Finn Carling, Gjensyn fra en fremtid‎^[193], page 207:
  Det er som å skyte på en som ikke kan se deg
  it is like shooting at someone who cannot see you
- 1886, Henrik Ibsen, Rosmersholm‎^[194], page 119:
  hun er en for sig selv, hun
  she is a character all of her own
- 2008, Marit Opeide, Øyeblikk av øst‎^[195], page 267:
  Piken er en som ikke lar seg lure så lett
  the girl is someone who is not easily fooled
Synonym: noen

Det er en som vil snakke med deg. ― There is someone who wants to talk to you.
one, standing for an understood noun.
- 2014, Ingvild H. Rishøi, Vinternoveller‎^[196], page 34:
  Jeg hadde lånt bil av én kompis og hytte av en annen
  I had borrowed a car from one friend and a cabin from another
1. (chiefly colloquial, after an adjective) one.
  - 1907, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons Fortællinger‎^[197], Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag, page 98:
    Det er vel en slem en, kan du tro.
    He is a nasty one, you can be sure.
  - 1907, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons Fortællinger‎^[198], Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag, page 398:
    kaptejnen, en liden sortsmusket en med en umådelig mave, […]
    the captain, a little dark-complexioned one with an enormous belly, […]
  - 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[199], page 127:
    En liden en, en fult forførende […]
    A little one, one that cunningly tempts […]
  - 1874, Henrik Ibsen, De unges forbund‎^[200], page 220:
    min kæreste sagde jo, at en viss en gik på frierfødder.
    my fiancé did say that a certain someone was out courting.
  - 1879, Henrik Ibsen, Et dukkehjem‎^[201], page 14:
    Du er en besynderlig liden en.
    You are a peculiar little one.
  - 1925, Vilhelm Krag, Baldevin : to idyller‎^[202], Aschehoug, page 163:
    Ja, Dere er vel en fæl en, Dere, Davidsen.
    Well, you are a terrible one, you are, Davidsen.
  - 1966 November 15, Østlendingen‎^[203], page 6:
    Fargebilde skal det også være i dag, selvfølgelig, og et riktig stort et er det også.
    There must be a picture for colouring today too, of course, and it is a really big one as well.
  - 2004, Marianne Røise Kielland, Kjøttsøvn‎^[204], Aschehoug, page 87:
    Det var en fabrikk, en stor en, i nærheten.
    There was a factory, a big one, nearby.
  Av de to koppene valgte hun en liten en. ― Of the two cups, she chose a small one.
  
  ei halv ei — (colloquial, dialectal) a half bottle of spirits
  - 2005, Øyvind Holen, Groruddalen : en reiseskildring‎^[205], Cappelen, page 73:
    […] så billig at vi også har råd til ei halv ei
    […] so cheaply that we can also afford a half-bottle [of spirits]
  en liten en — a baby; a young child
  - 1953, Marie Hamsun, Regnbuen‎^[206], Aschehoug, page 58:
    En liten en som het Sigrid ser jeg bare glimt av, noen store blå øyne under en blomstret kyse.
    Of a little one named Sigrid, I see only glimpses: some big blue eyes beneath a flowered bonnet.
  - 1996, Tove Nilsen, Skyskrapersommer‎^[207], Oktober, page 27:
    stakkars, nå kommer hun aldri til å få seg en liten en
    poor thing, now she will never get to have a little one
  en liten en — a shot of spirits
  - 1931, Vilhelm Krag, De skinnende hvide seil‎^[208], Aschehoug, page 144:
    var det nok de fleste som maatte faa sig en Bif og en halv Øl og kanske en liden en til Opmuntring, […]
    most people probably had to have a steak and half a beer, and perhaps a little drink to cheer themselves up, […]
  - 2012, Lars Fredrik Beckstrøm, “Glem de regnfulle damene”, in Lars Lillo-Stenberg, editor, deLillos komplett‎^[209], Cappelen Damm, page 106:
    En liten en på lomma, kaffe på termos
    A little bottle in the pocket, coffee in a thermos
  - 1992, Ailo Gaup, Natten mellom dagene‎^[210], Gyldendal, page 236:
    Ta en liten en for stemningens skyld!
    Have a little drink to set the mood!
  - 2001, Jon Michelet, Den frosne kvinnen‎^[211], Oktober, page 47:
    Det er ingen hemmelighet at på vinterføre kjører jeg best med en liten en under vesten.
    It is no secret that, in winter road conditions, I drive best with a little drink under my belt.
  - 2023, Alf van der Hagen, Ønsk meg heller god tur : samtaler med Ingvar Ambjørnsen‎^[212], Forlaget Oktober, page 180:
    Anstendige, ordentlige folk, men som gjerne ville ha en liten en […]
    Respectable, decent people, but people who liked a little drink […]
  en sterk en / en skarp en — (colloquial) a strong drink
  - 1945, Adolph Berg, Fra smitt og smau‎^[213], Eide, page 128:
    Fikk dokker ikkje en sterk en, en liten pillehytt, […]
    Didn’t you get a strong one, a little shot, […]
  - 1997, Gunnar Staalesen, 1900 morgenrød‎^[214], Gyldendal, page 54:
    Slå deg ned. Vil du ha en skarp en?
    Sit down. Would you like a stiff drink?
  - 2024, Mímir Kristjánsson, Pabbi : en familiesaga om drukkenskap‎^[215], J.M. Stenersens forlag AS:
    en liten skarp en ved siden av halvliteren.
    a small stiff drink alongside the half-litre of beer.
  en slik en / en sånn en — (colloquial) one of that kind
  - 1882, Henrik Ibsen, En folkefiende‎^[216], page 14:
    En slig en bruger mange gange så meget […]
    A person like that spends many times as much […]
  - 1992, Ailo Gaup, Natten mellom dagene‎^[217], Gyldendal, page 247:
    Tenk at en sånn en som deg er blitt lærer, […]
    Imagine that someone like you has become a teacher, […]
  - 2008, Torun Lian, Undrene i vår familie‎^[218], Aschehoug, page 136:
    Hvem vil kjøre en sånn en forresten?
    Who would want to drive one like that, anyway?
  - 2009, Vibecke Groth, Arvesynden‎^[219], Aschehoug, page 252:
    en sånn som damene hadde sans for.
    one of those men women took a liking to.
  ta en spansk en — (colloquial) to bend the rules; to tell a barefaced lie
  - 1978, Espen Haavardsholm, Boka om Kalle og Reinert‎^[220], page 21:
    […] endte med å ta en spansk en tvers over Slottsparken fra Nordraaks plass tel Drammensveien.
    […] ended up taking an illicit shortcut straight across the Palace Park from Nordraaks plass to Drammensveien.
(in expressions) an unspecified person or thing.
en eller annen — some; someone or other
- 1886, Henrik Ibsen, Rosmersholm‎^[221], page 141:
  der blir altid hængende et eller andet ved en
  something or other always remains attached to one
- 1955, Jens Bjørneboe, Jonas‎^[222], page 96:
  han [ville] alltid finne ett eller annet sted å stikke seg bort
  he [would] always find some place or other to hide away
- 1993, Finn Carling, Dagbok til en død‎^[223], page 122:
  en benådningssøknad fra en eller annen spiondømt er blitt avslått
  a plea for clemency from some convicted spy or other has been rejected
- 1996, Finn Carling, En annen vei‎^[224], page 25:
  […] en eller annen forestilling
  […] some show or other
- 2001, Brynjulv Raaen, Den som brenner får svi‎^[225], page 149:
  det [er] etnolog hun er, folkeminne et eller annet
  an ethnologist [is] what she is, folklore something or other
en og annen — an occasional one; a few
- 1924, Arnulf Øverland, Brød og vin‎^[226], page 135:
  [de] ligger og raller og roper på vand og på morfin. Men en og anden bærer vi bort
  [they] lie gasping and calling for water and morphine. But we carry the odd one away
- 2002, Christopher Friis-Baastad Grøndahl og Arne Svingen, Ayatollah highway‎^[227], published 2003, page 39:
  bare et og annet bilhorn gjaller i det fjerne
  only the occasional car horn resounds in the distance
- 2004, Vibeke Løkkeberg, Brev til himmelen‎^[228], page 10:
  Et og annet halvferdig tømmerhus sto langs den nyanlagte veien
  the occasional half-finished timber house stood along the newly built road
- 2005, Vigdis Hjorth, Fordeler og ulemper ved å være til‎^[229], page 215:
  De tør opp. Blikkene glir mindre anstrengt, en og annen kommentar faller
  they thaw out. Glances pass less awkwardly; the occasional remark is made
- 2009, Karl Ove Knausgård, Min kamp 1‎^[230], published 2011, page 140:
  Et og annet par gikk langs veien. En og annen taxi passerte
  the odd couple walked along the road. The occasional taxi passed
et og annet — a thing or two
- 1907, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons Fortællinger‎^[231], page 418:
  Begges forældre havde vel også hørt et og andet
  Both sets of parents had probably heard a thing or two as well
- 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Kærlighedens komedie‎^[232], page 63:
  hviske om et og andet
  whisper about a thing or two
- 1945, Cora Sandel, Kranes konditori‎^[233], page 41:
  Av barn og fulle folk får en vite et og annet
  from children and drunk people one learns a thing or two
- 1991, Elin Brodin, Bedøvelse‎^[234], page 74:
  Jeg har et og annet […]
  I have a thing or two […]
- 2000, Pernille Rygg, Det gyldne snitt‎^[235], page 174:
  kjæresten hans […] vet et og annet om penger
  his girlfriend […] knows a thing or two about money
en … en annen … — one … another …
- 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Kejser og Galilæer‎^[236], page 430:
  I Galilæere siger et og mener dermed et andet
  You Galileans say one thing and mean another by it
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[237], page 57:
  En bruger brændevin, en anden bruger løgne
  One uses brandy, another uses lies
- 1875, Henrik Ibsen, Digte‎^[238], page 106:
  en fingren i munden putter, en anden står som en klodset blok
  one puts his finger in his mouth, another stands there like a clumsy block
en og hver — (now rare) most people

en og hver — everyone
- 1907, J.S. Welhaven, Samlede Digterverker‎^[239], volume III, page 202:
  Lysning fik, inden Paaskefesten, / Anne med den, hun havde kjer; / først i Sangen af En og Hver, / saa i Kirken af Sognepræsten.
  Before Easter, the banns were proclaimed for Anne and her beloved; first in song by one and all, then in church by the parish priest
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[240], page 45:
  Den, som havde sit knivsblad stukket tvers igennem dem, – en og hver!
  If only one had thrust one’s knife blade straight through them — every one of them!
- 1918, Gabriel Scott, Kilden‎^[241], page 121:
  staa paa pinde for en og hver
  be at the beck and call of anyone and everyone
- 1999 October 28, Telemarksavisa‎^[242], page 54:
  det rykka nok litt i dansefoten for en og hver
  quite a few people must have felt their feet twitching to dance
hva for en — which; what kind of
- 1871, P.Chr. Asbjørnsen, Norske Folke-Eventyr‎^[243], page 29:
  saa fortalte hun, hvad Kjæresten var for En
  then she told him what sort of person her sweetheart was
- 1918, Gunnar Heiberg, Samlede dramatiske verker‎^[244], volume II, page 37:
  Hvad for en Josef?
  What sort of Joseph?
- 1989, Terje Stigen, Krigen‎^[245], page 152:
  du vil […] vise kaptein Knoff og de andre hva for en jævlig kar du er
  you want […] to show Captain Knoff and the others what a bloody tough fellow you are
- 1989, Bergljot Hobæk Haff, Den guddommelige tragedie‎^[246], page 363:
  Du husker vel hva for en dag det var igår
  you remember what day it was yesterday, surely

Usage notes

The impersonal pronoun has subject and object form en, and genitive ens. Its synonym man is restricted to the subject position; a text using man still uses en as the object and ens in the genitive. This impersonal use has no feminine or neuter forms.^[4]

When en substitutes for a particular noun, gender agreement remains possible: en liten en (“a small one”, masculine), ei lita ei (feminine), and et lite et (neuter). The expressions en eller annen and en og annen can also precede a noun.

Adverb

en

about; approximately; some, before a number or quantity.
Synonyms: omtrent, cirka

Det tar en fem minutter. ― It takes about five minutes.
- 1845, Sophie Dedekam, Dagbok og brev fra en reise til Paris i 1845‎^[247], published 2000, page 35:
  [vi] maatte vente vel en 10 Minutter
  [we] had to wait a good ten minutes or so
- 1882, Henrik Ibsen, En folkefiende‎^[248], page 157:
  en 17–18, højst 20 år
  about seventeen or eighteen, at most twenty years
- 1886, Henrik Ibsen, Rosmersholm‎^[249], page 60:
  så gav jeg ham en to–tre linjer med til Mortensgård
  so I gave him a couple of lines to take to Mortensgård
- 1886, Henrik Ibsen, Rosmersholm‎^[250], page 92:
  Det kan nu vel være så en halvandet år siden
  It must be about a year and a half ago now
- 1899, Jonas Lie, Faste Forland‎^[251], page 103:
  Jeg prøvede det for en fjorten Dage siden
  I tried it a fortnight or so ago
- 1903, Otto Sverdrup, Nyt Land‎^[252], volume II, page 232:
  vor indkjørte Distance bare var en fem Kvartmil
  the distance we had travelled was only about five nautical miles
- 1986, Terje Stigen, Ved foten av kunnskapens tre‎^[253], page 216:
  om en to tre måneder
  in two or three months or so
- 2010, Karl Ove Knausgård, Min kamp 4‎^[254], published 2011, page 16:
  […] En tohundreogfemti […]
  […] About two hundred and fifty […]

Derived terms

endimensjonal (“one-dimensional”)
ene (“to unite”)
enegget (“identical; monozygotic”)
ener (“the digit one; an outstanding person”)
enhet (“unit; unity”)
ensidig (“one-sided”)
enslig (“solitary; single”)
enstemmig (“unanimous; in unison”)
entall (“singular”)
entydig (“unambiguous”)

Related terms

enkel (“simple; single”)
ensom (“lonely”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French en (“in”), from Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).^[5]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aŋ/, [aŋ]
Rhymes: -aŋ
Hyphenation: en

Preposition

en

(only in phrases borrowed from French) in.
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[255], page 132:
  Men jeg vil være mig en bloc,
  vil være Gynt på hele kloden,
  But I want to be myself completely,
  to be Gynt throughout the world,

Derived terms

en avant (“forward!; onward!”)
en bloc (“as a whole; entirely”)
en corps (“as a body; collectively”)
en creux (“in intaglio”)
en face (“from the front”)
en famille (“with one's family; among intimates”)
en gros (“wholesale; in large quantities”)
en haie (“in two facing rows”)
en masse (“in large numbers”)
en miniature (“in miniature”)
en passant (“in passing; en passant”)
en pied (“in service (of a chargé d'affaires)”)
en profil (“in profile”)
en suite (“consecutively; adjoining”)
en vogue (“in vogue; fashionable”)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /¹eːn/, [ˈèːn]
Rhymes: -eːn
Hyphenation: en

Verb

en

imperative of ene (“to unite; bring into agreement”)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Brill, page 9
^ J. P. Mallory; D. Q. Adams (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World, Oxford University Press, pages 308–310
^ “Et eller ett?”, in Språkrådet‎^[2], 1 January 2024, retrieved 27 October 2026
^ “Man og en – og du”, in Språkrådet‎^[3], 1 January 2024, retrieved 27 October 2026
^ Michiel de Vaan (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages, Brill, page 300

“en” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).
“en” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“NB Uttale”, in Språkbanken‎^[256], 8 August 2023, retrieved 27 October 2026

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Conjunction

en

(pre-1901) alternative form of enn

Etymology 2

Article

en

(dialectal, nonstandard) alternative form of ein

Etymology 3

Preposition

en

Used as part of set phrases from French

Etymology 4

Conjunction

en

Used as part of the expression stopp en hal

Old French

Alternative forms

in (10th century)

Etymology

From Latin in.

Pronunciation

(archaic) IPA^(key): /en/
(classical, late) IPA^(key): /an/

Preposition

en

in; inside
- 1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):
  Et pour ce qu’il se complaint moult de froit et horipilacion, pour ce au commencement on luy doit mettre les piés et les mains en eaue chaulde
  And if he complains about cold and shivers, to start with one must put his feet and is hands in hot water
on; upon
- 12th Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:
  qi en la crois fu mis
  [He] who was put on the cross
in (experiencing an emotion, a feeling, etc.)
en paine ― in pain
in (indicates a language)
en latin ― in Latin

Descendants

Middle French: en
- French: en
Norman: en

Old Frisian

**Old Frisian numbers ^(edit)**
	10
	1	2 →	10 →
Cardinal: ēn Ordinal: ērest

Alternative forms

ān
(Late Old Frisian) een

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ain. Cognates include Old English ān and Old Saxon ēn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈeːn/, [ˈɛːn]

Numeral

ēn m or n

one
ēn skilling ― one shilling

Article

ēn m or n

a, an

Declension

Declension of ēn
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ēn, ān	ēne	ēn
accusative	ēnne, ānne	ēne	ēn
genitive	ēnes	ēnere, ēnre	ēnes
dative	ēne	ēnere, ēnre	ēne

Descendants

North Frisian: een m (Föhr), ään m, ian f or n (Amrum), åån, aan m, iin f or n (Goesharde), aon m, ian f or n (Halligen), iaan, jaan (Heligoland), ån m, iinj f or n (Mooring), jen (Sylt), oan m, iin f or n (Wiedingharde)
Saterland Frisian: aan m, een f or n
West Frisian: ien

References

Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009), An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈẽ/

Preposition

en

in
- a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 294 (facsimile):
  
  [C]omo hũa moller q̇ iogaua os dados en pulla lançou hũa pedra aa omagen de ſṫa maṙi[a] poꝛ q̇ perdera ⁊ parou un angeo de pedra que y eſtaua a mão ⁊ reçibiu o colpe.
  How a woman who was playing dice in Apulia threw a stone at the statue of Holy Mary because she had lost, and an angel of stone which was there reached out its hand and received the blow.

Descendants

Fala: en
Galician: en
Portuguese: em

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *anþi, *andi. Unstressed doublet of enn (“yet, still”).

Conjunction

en

but
(as a copulative) and
Synonym: ok

Descendants

Icelandic: en
Faroese: enn
Norwegian Nynorsk: enn, en
Norwegian Bokmål: enn
Old Swedish: æn
- Swedish: än
Old Danish: æn
- Danish: (dialectal) end

Etymology 2

From earlier an (“than”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þan, possibly through *þannai, whence cognate with Old English þonne (“than”). For similar loss of þ- compare at from earlier Proto-Norse ᚦᚨᛏ (þat), ᚦᛡᛏ (þᴀt).

Conjunction

en

than
Synonym: an

Descendants

Icelandic: en
Norwegian Nynorsk: enn
Norwegian Bokmål: enn
Old Swedish: æn
- Swedish: än
Old Danish: æn
- Danish: end

Old Occitan

Pronoun

en

of it; of them
- 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, Can vei la lauzeta mover
  Ailas! Tan cuidava saber
  D'amor, e tan petit en sai,
  Alas! I thought I knew so much
  about love, and I know so little [of it]!

Old Saxon

**Old Saxon cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : ēn

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ain.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛːn/

Numeral

en m

one
- 9th c. Heliand, verse 2637
  thoh uui hēr te meti habdin garu im te geƀanne sō uui mahtin fargelden mēst tueho uuāri is noh than that iro ēnig thar ēnes gināmi
  Though we had food that we should buy to give him. The most doubt is still there that anyone once felt
- 9th c. Heliand, verse 3880
  ēn aftar ōđrumu...
  one after another...

Article

en m

a, an (rarely used)
- 9th c. Heliand, verse 2984-2985
  Thar imu tegėgnes quam ēn idis fan āðrom thiodun; siu was iru aðaligeburdeo...
  There towards him a woman came from another nation; she was of their noble-birth...

Declension

Declension of ēn
	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	ēn	ēn	ēn
accusative	ēnana	ēn	ēna
genitive	ēnes	ēnes	ēnaro
dative	ēnumu	ēnumu	ēnaro

Descendants

Middle Low German: ên, ein
- Low German: ein, en
  - Low German: een
  - Westphalian:
    Lippisch: eun
    
    Ravensbergisch: åine
    
    Sauerländisch: ên
    
    Westmünsterländisch: een, eene, ne
- Plautdietsch: een

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.

Numeral

ēn m or f

one

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German ein.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Article

en

a, an

Declension

Declension of en
	singular			plural
	m	f	n	plural
nominative	en	en	en	–
dative	emme me	re	emme me	–
accusative	en	en	en	–

Pronoun

en

accusative of er: him

Declension

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
Number	singular						plural
Person/ Gender	1st	2nd person		3rd person			1st	2nd	3rd
Person/ Gender	1st	familiar	polite/formal	m	f	n	1st	2nd	3rd
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹ unstressed

Plautdietsch

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German in, from Old Saxon in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Alternative forms

enn

Preposition

en

in

Derived terms

em

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Conjunction

en

alternative form of un; and

Polish

Etymology

Phonetic spelling of the letter.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛn/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛn
Syllabification: en

Noun

en n (indeclinable)

The name of the Latin script letter N/n.

Slovene

**Slovene numbers ^(edit)**
		10
	← 0	1	2 →	10 →
Cardinal: en Nominalized cardinal: eden Cardinal prefix: eno- Ordinal: prvi Fixed ordinal: prvoten Latinate ordinal: primaren Ordinal prefix: prvo- Number: ena Digit: enka Digit place: enica Adverbial: prvič Krat adverbial: prvikrat Multiplier: enojen Krat multiplier: enkrat Fixed multiplier: enkraten Adverbial multiplier: enojno Latinate multiplier: singleten Multiplier verb: poeniti Multiplier prefix: enojn- Krat multiplier prefix: enkratn- Krat adverbial multiplier: enkratno Collective: enoje Separable collective: enoj Greek or Latinate collective: monada Greek collective prefix: mono- Latinate collective prefix: uni- Fractional: enina Greek prefix: proto- Number of musicians: solo

Etymology

Contraction of earlier êden, from Proto-Slavic *(j)edinъ.

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /ɛ́n/
Rhymes: -ɛn
Hyphenation: en

Numeral

ȅn

one

Usage notes

The form éden is used when the word does not modify a noun directly, but stands in predicate position. When counting or reciting numbers, the feminine form éna is normally used (see the number box).

Declension

First declension (hard), fixed accent
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom sg	ȅn	éna	éno
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	ȅn	éna	éno
genitive rodȋlnik	énega	éne	énega
dative dajȃlnik	énemu	éni	énemu
accusative tožȋlnik	nom^inanim gen^anim	éno	éno
locative mẹ̑stnik	énem	éni	énem
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énim	éno	énim
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȅn	ȇna	ȇno

Other forms
	positive	comparative	superlative
accusative singular masculine isolated form	énega	–	–
accusative singular neuter isolated form	éno, énega	–	–
adverb	–	–	–

Derived terms

enóta

Determiner

ȅn

(colloquial) some (someone/something – indefinite determiner)
Synonyms: nekȁk, nekȁkšen

Eni moški stojijo tam. ― Some men are standing there.
(colloquial, also unstressed) some (someone/something arbitrary – unspecified determiner)
Synonyms: kāk, kākšen

Declension

First declension (hard), fixed accent
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom sg	én	éna	éno
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	én	éna	éno
genitive rodȋlnik	énega	éne	énega
dative dajȃlnik	énemu	éni	énemu
accusative tožȋlnik	nom^inanim gen^anim	éno	éno
locative mẹ̑stnik	énem, énemu	éni	énem, énemu
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énim	éno	énim
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇn	ȇna	ȇno
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éna	éni	éni
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énima	énima	énima
accusative tožȋlnik	éna	éni	éni
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énima	énima	énima
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇna	éni	éni
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éni	éne	éna
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énim	énim	énim
accusative tožȋlnik	éne	éne	éna
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énimi	énimi	énimi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇni	ȇne	ȇna

Positive definite forms
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éni	éna	éno
genitive rodȋlnik	énega	éne	énega
dative dajȃlnik	énemu	éni	énemu
accusative tožȋlnik	nom^inanim gen^anim	éno	éno
locative mẹ̑stnik	énem, énemu	éni	énem, énemu
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énim	éno	énim
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇni	ȇna	ȇno
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éna	éni	éni
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énima	énima	énima
accusative tožȋlnik	éna	éni	éni
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énima	énima	énima
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇna	ȇni	ȇni
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éni	éne	éna
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énim	énim	énim
accusative tožȋlnik	éne	éne	éna
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énimi	énimi	énimi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇni	ȇne	ȇna

Other forms
	positive	comparative	superlative
accusative singular masculine isolated form	énega	–	–
accusative singular neuter isolated form	éno, énega	–	–
adverb	–	–	–

Noun

ȅn m anim

(regional) alternative form of éden

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Article

en

(colloquial, regional) a
To je ena velika izmišljotina! ― This is a big made-up story.

Sougb

Pronoun

en

he/she/it

References

A Grammar Sketch of Sougb, in Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head (2002)

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Old Latin en

Latin in

Old Spanish en

Spanish en

Inherited from Old Spanish en, from Latin in.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/ [ẽn]
- Audio (Spain): (file)
- Rhymes: -en
- Syllabification: en
IPA^(key): /ˈem/ [ˈẽm] (before b, v, p)

Preposition

en

in, at, on
en un bus ― on/in a bus

en (el) Internet ― on the Internet

en una tienda ― at/in a store

Estoy en casa. ― I'm at home./I'm home.

estar sentado en una mesa/un escritorio/una computadora ― to (be) sit(ting) at a table/a desk/a computer

en esta página ― on this page

en la caja que está en la mesa ― in the box that's on the table
- 2024 November 8, Kaitlan Collins, “Batallas desde el patio de Mar-a-Lago: cómo el equipo de Trump compite por los puestos”, in CNN en Español‎^[258], archived from the original on 11 November 2024:
  Esas conversaciones en voz baja se convirtieron ahora en una auténtica batalla que se desarrolla directamente desde el patio del club Mar-a-Lago de Trump en Palm Beach, Florida.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
in (a time)
en la antigüedad ― in antiquity

en 1999 ― in 1999

en cinco minutos ― in five minutes
in (a language)
hablar en español ― to speak in Spanish

Este libro está en español.
This book is in Spanish.

No conozco esta palabra en francés.
I don't know this word in French.

en todos los idiomas ― in all languages
used after some verbs and translated by various prepositions in English
Pienso en ti. ― I'm thinking of you.
in (in various expressions)
en el sentido ― in the sense

en nuestro afán ― in our eagerness

Derived terms

Sranan Tongo

Alternative forms

hem (obsolete)

Etymology

From older hem, from English him.

Pronoun

en

Third-person singular possessive determiner/pronoun; his, her, its

Pronoun

en

Third-person singular object pronoun; him, her, it
Contrastive variant of a; he, she, it.

Sumerian

Romanization

en

romanization of 𒂗 (en)

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish ēn, æn, from Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛnː/; /ɛŋ/ (before g or k); /ɛm/ (before b or p); /ɛɱ/ (before v or f)
IPA^(key): /eːn/
Audio (Gotland): (file)
Homophones: än, N, n
Rhymes: -ɛnː

Pronoun

en (genitive ens)

object form of the indefinite pronoun man ("one," "you")
Det man inte vet skadar en inte
What one doesn’t know doesn’t hurt one.
(dialectal, colloquial) one, you
Det en inte vet har en inte ont av.
What you don't know can't hurt you.

Usage notes

Besides being the subject form in some dialects and vernaculars, en is sometimes deliberately used as an alternative subject form of the indefinite pronoun man, which is a homonymous derivative of the noun man ("man"). This development is in some ways parallel to the gender-neutral pronoun hen.

Declension

Swedish personal pronouns
Number	Person		nominative	oblique	possessive
Number	Person		nominative	oblique	common	neuter	plural
singular	first	—	jag	mig, mej³	min	mitt	mina
	second	—	du	dig, dej³	din	ditt	dina
	third	masculine (person)	han	honom, han², en⁵	hans
		feminine (person)	hon	henne, na⁵	hennes
		gender-neutral (person)¹	hen	hen, henom⁷	hens
		common (noun)	den	den	dess
		neuter (noun)	det	det	dess
		indefinite	man or en⁴	en	ens
		reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina
plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår, våran²	vårt, vårat²	våra
	second	—	ni	er	er, eran², ers⁶	ert, erat²	era
	second	archaic	I	eder	eder, eders⁶	edert	edra
	third	—	de, dom³	dem, dom³	deras
	third	reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina

¹Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.

²Informal

³Colloquial pronunciation spelling.

⁴Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.

⁵Informal, somewhat dialectal

⁶Formal address

⁷Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Numeral

**Swedish numbers ^(edit)**
		10
	← 0	1	2 →	10 →
Cardinal: ett, en Ordinal: första Ordinal abbreviation: 1:a Fractional: hel

en (neuter ett)

one
Vill du ha en eller två?
Would you like one or two?
(literally, “Do you want one or two? ["Would you like ..." is a better match for tone]”)

Coordinate terms

Swedish cardinal numbers from 0 to 99

	—0	—1	—2	—3	—4	—5	—6	—7	—8	—9
0—	noll	ett, en	två	tre	fyra	fem	sex	sju	åtta	nio
10—	tio	elva	tolv	tretton	fjorton	femton	sexton	sjutton	arton	nitton
20—	tjugo	tjugoett, tjugoen	tjugotvå	tjugotre	tjugofyra	tjugofem	tjugosex	tjugosju	tjugoåtta	tjugonio
30—	trettio	trettioett, trettioen	trettiotvå	trettiotre	trettiofyra	trettiofem	trettiosex	trettiosju	trettioåtta	trettionio
40—	fyrtio	fyrtioett, fyrtioen	fyrtiotvå	fyrtiotre	fyrtiofyra	fyrtiofem	fyrtiosex	fyrtiosju	fyrtioåtta	fyrtionio
50—	femtio	femtioett, femtioen	femtiotvå	femtiotre	femtiofyra	femtiofem	femtiosex	femtiosju	femtioåtta	femtionio
60—	sextio	sextioett, sextioen	sextiotvå	sextiotre	sextiofyra	sextiofem	sextiosex	sextiosju	sextioåtta	sextionio
70—	sjuttio	sjuttioett, sjuttioen	sjuttiotvå	sjuttiotre	sjuttiofyra	sjuttiofem	sjuttiosex	sjuttiosju	sjuttioåtta	sjuttionio
80—	åttio	åttioett, åttioen	åttiotvå	åttiotre	åttiofyra	åttiofem	åttiosex	åttiosju	åttioåtta	åttionio
90—	nittio	nittioett, nittioen	nittiotvå	nittiotre	nittiofyra	nittiofem	nittiosex	nittiosju	nittioåtta	nittionio

Swedish cardinal numbers from 100 onward

100: hundra
10³: tusen
10⁴: tiotusen (myriad)
10⁶: miljon
10⁹: miljard
10¹²: biljon
10¹⁵: biljard
10¹⁸: triljon
10²¹: triljard
10²⁴: kvadriljon
10²⁷: kvadriljard
10³⁰: kvintiljon
10³³: kvintiljard
10³⁶: sextiljon
10³⁹: sextiljard
10⁴²: septiljon
10⁴⁵: septiljard
10⁴⁸: oktiljon
10⁵¹: oktiljard
10⁵⁴: noniljon
10⁵⁷: noniljard
10⁶⁰: deciljon
10⁶³: deciljard
10⁶⁶: undeciljon
10⁶⁹: undeciljard
10⁷²: duodeciljon
10⁷⁵: duodeciljard
10⁷⁸: tredeciljon
10⁸¹: tredeciljard
10⁸⁴: quattuordeciljon
10⁸⁷: quattuordeciljard
…
10¹⁰⁰: googol
…
10¹²⁰: vigintiljon
10¹²³: vigintiljard
…

Related terms

Article

en c (neuter ett)

the indefinite article: a, an.
Jag såg en björn i skogen
I saw a bear in the forest

Declension

en and ett are invariable in the singular, as nominative en konung (a king) and genitive en konungs (a king's).
Generally, Swedish tends to be a bit more lenient about dropping the indefinite article compared to English. As an example, "Taxar har långsträckt kropp" (Dachshunds have elongated body) reads well in Swedish, whereas you might rephrase it as "have elongated bodies" in English. This is especially prominent with roles, where you would say "Hon är läkare" (She is doctor), for example – see vara (“be”). "Taxar har en långsträckt kropp" also works, and is something native speakers would say. It just feels slightly less polished in some contexts.
A rule of thumb for simple cases like "has property" ("Han har stor näsa" – "He has a big nose") and "is role" ("Hon är läkare" – "She is a doctor") might be that the indefinite article can be dropped if someone might quip, "Oh, as opposed to two big noses, doctors, etc.?" (though it doesn't sound that bad). In "Jag såg en bil" (I saw a car), the en is essential information and would never be dropped, though "Jag har bil" (I have car) is idiomatic for owning a car (or several) – perhaps because a single car would normally be implied and the exact number is usually irrelevant.
The genitive enes and the dative enom are dated.

Adverb

en (not comparable)

like, approximately, roughly, around
Synonyms: omkring, cirka, ungefär, runt, typ, uppskattningsvis

Vi var väl en femton stycken.
There were like fifteen of us.

Etymology 2

From earlier ene (sometimes also ener), from Old Norse einir.

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:

en

Wikipedia ^sv

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /eːn/

Noun

en c

juniper

Declension

Declension of en
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	en	ens
singular	definite	enen	enens
plural	indefinite	enar	enars
plural	definite	enarna	enarnas

Related terms

References

“en”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
“en”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
“en”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
han in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Brüch, Josef (1922), “Lateinische Etymologien”, in Indogermanische Forschungen. Zeitschrift für Indogermanistik und allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft‎^[259] (in German), volume 40, Berlin und Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter & Co., pages 225–226

Anagrams

-ne

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from English en, the English name of the letter N / n.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔen/ [ʔɛn̪]
Rhymes: -en
Syllabification: en

Noun

en (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔)

the name of the Latin script letter N/n, in the Filipino alphabet
Synonyms: (in the Abakada alphabet) na, (in the Abecedario) ene

Derived terms

gatlang en

Anagrams

ne

Tedim Chin

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔen, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ken (“to see, to know”).

Verb

en

to look

References

Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

Turkish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈen], [ˈæn]

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Turkic *ēn

Ottoman Turkish ان (en)

Turkish en

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ان (en), from Proto-Turkic *ēn (“breadth, width”).

Noun

en (definite accusative eni, plural enler)

width
a cachet on an animal or bonded goods

Declension

Declension of en

	singular	plural
nominative	en	enler
definite accusative	eni	enleri
dative	ene	enlere
locative	ende	enlerde
ablative	enden	enlerden
genitive	enin	enlerin

Possessive forms
nominative
	singular	plural
1st singular	enim	enlerim
2nd singular	enin	enlerin
3rd singular	eni	enleri
1st plural	enimiz	enlerimiz
2nd plural	eniniz	enleriniz
3rd plural	enleri	enleri
definite accusative
	singular	plural
1st singular	enimi	enlerimi
2nd singular	enini	enlerini
3rd singular	enini	enlerini
1st plural	enimizi	enlerimizi
2nd plural	eninizi	enlerinizi
3rd plural	enlerini	enlerini
dative
	singular	plural
1st singular	enime	enlerime
2nd singular	enine	enlerine
3rd singular	enine	enlerine
1st plural	enimize	enlerimize
2nd plural	eninize	enlerinize
3rd plural	enlerine	enlerine
locative
	singular	plural
1st singular	enimde	enlerimde
2nd singular	eninde	enlerinde
3rd singular	eninde	enlerinde
1st plural	enimizde	enlerimizde
2nd plural	eninizde	enlerinizde
3rd plural	enlerinde	enlerinde
ablative
	singular	plural
1st singular	enimden	enlerimden
2nd singular	eninden	enlerinden
3rd singular	eninden	enlerinden
1st plural	enimizden	enlerimizden
2nd plural	eninizden	enlerinizden
3rd plural	enlerinden	enlerinden
genitive
	singular	plural
1st singular	enimin	enlerimin
2nd singular	eninin	enlerinin
3rd singular	eninin	enlerinin
1st plural	enimizin	enlerimizin
2nd plural	eninizin	enlerinizin
3rd plural	enlerinin	enlerinin

Predicative forms
	singular	plural
1st singular	enim	enlerim
2nd singular	ensin	enlersin
3rd singular	en endir	enler enlerdir
1st plural	eniz	enleriz
2nd plural	ensiniz	enlersiniz
3rd plural	enler	enlerdir

References

“en”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “en”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “en2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

▲

Proto-Common Turkic *eŋ

Proto-Oghuz *eŋ

Old Anatolian Turkish اك (äñ)

Ottoman Turkish اك (eñ)

Turkish en

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish اڭ (eñ), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *äŋ. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰭 (ŋ /⁠eŋ⁠/), Azerbaijani ən, Kyrgyz эң (eŋ), Tuvan эң (eñ), Uzbek eng.

Adverb

en

the most ..., the ...-est (marks the superlative degree of any or most adjectives)
büyük, en büyük
big, (the) biggest

en küçük
the smallest

en acayip
the most interesting

Veps

Verb

en

first-person singular present of ei

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Noun

en f (plural eniau)

The name of the Latin script letter N/n.

Mutation

Mutated forms of en
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
en	unchanged	unchanged	hen

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian and, ende, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entí.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/, /ɪn/

Conjunction

en

and

Zou

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔen, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ken. Cognate with Mizo ên.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʔén]
Hyphenation: en

Verb

én (stem II èt)

(transitive) to look at; to watch

References

Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 82
Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41

[1] Stegeman, Ray; Hunter, Rita (2014), Akawaio-English Dictionary and English-Akawaio Index, SIL International, page 46

[2] Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*ēn”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[3] Erik Hansen & Lars Hedtoft, Grammatik over det Danske Sprog (Odense 2011), vol. 2, 557.

[4] Ebbe Vilborg, “en”, in Etimologia Vortaro de Esperanto [Etymological Dictionary of Esperanto], volume 2, →ISBN, page 25

[5] Cherpillod, André (2003), “en”, in Konciza Etimologia Vortaro [Concise Etymological Dictionary] (in Esperanto), Universala Esperanto-Asocio, →ISBN

[6] Vladimir Orel (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Brill, page 9

[7] J. P. Mallory; D. Q. Adams (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World, Oxford University Press, pages 308–310

[8] “Et eller ett?”, in Språkrådet‎^[2], 1 January 2024, retrieved 27 October 2026

[9] “Man og en – og du”, in Språkrådet‎^[3], 1 January 2024, retrieved 27 October 2026

[10] Michiel de Vaan (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages, Brill, page 300

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person	isolated form	affix form
person	isolated form	nominative	objective
first	singular	kuani, kani¹	ku=, k=¹ (before vowels)	en=
	exclusive plural	ciokay, coka¹, ciutari	ci=, c=¹ =as	un=
	inclusive plural	anokay, aoka¹, anutari	a=, =an	i=
second	singular	eani	e=
	plural	eciokay, ecioka¹, eciutari	eci=
	singular (polite)	anokay, aoka¹	a=, =an	i=
	plural (polite)	anokay, aoka¹, anutari	a=, =an	i=
third	singular	sinuma, anihi	∅=
third	plural	okay, oka¹	∅=
indefinite	singular	asinuma	a=, =an	i=
indefinite	plural	anokay, aoka¹, anutari	a=, =an	i=

	singular	plural
1st person	ngaang, nganga, ngang	áám, am (exclusive) kiich, kich (inclusive)
2nd person	een, en	áámi, ami
3rd person	iiy, i	iir, ir

person / number		class I (single)	class II (transitive actor)	class III (transitive undergoer)
Tripartite split
first	singular	-ak	-ko, -k	sak-en
first	plural	-kami	-mi	dakami
second	singular	-ka	-mo, -m	sik-a
second	plural	-kayo	-yo	dakayo
Accusative split
third	plural	-da		daida
first + second	singular	-ta		daita
first + second	plural	-tako		datako
Ergative split
third	singular	Ø¹ / sisya	-na	Ø¹ / sisya
fourth	impersonal singular/plural	Ø¹	-na	Ø¹ / siya
Blends
first + second	singular -ko + -ka	-naka		–
third + second	singular -na + -ka	-daka		–

Translingual

Etymology 1

Symbol

See also

Etymology 2

Symbol

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Preposition

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Etymology 4

Noun

Anagrams

Afar

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Afrikaans

Etymology

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Ainu

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Akawaio

Noun

References

Alemannic German

Etymology

Pronunciation

Article

Declension

Asturian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Usage notes

Derived terms

Further reading

Aukan

Etymology

Conjunction

Australian Kriol

Etymology

Conjunction

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Breton

Contraction

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Article

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Preposition

Usage notes