囿

囿 U+56FF, 囿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56FF ← 图 [U+56FE] CJK Unified Ideographs 圀 → [U+5700]

Translingual

Han character

囿 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+6, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 田大月 (WKB), four-corner 6022₇, composition ⿴囗有)

1. pen up
2. limit, constrain

Derived characters

• 𦳩, 𢜹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 218, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4756
• Dae Jaweon: page 446, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 717, character 20
• Unihan data for U+56FF

Chinese

trad.		囿
simp. #		囿
alternative forms		𧆘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 囿
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (又) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
絠	*kɯːʔ
醢	*qʰɯːʔ
珛	*qʰʷɯs
栯	*ɢʷɯʔ, *qʷɯ
有	*ɢʷɯʔ
友	*ɢʷɯʔ
右	*ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs
宥	*ɢʷɯs
囿	*ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ
侑	*ɢʷɯs
酭	*ɢʷɯs
姷	*ɢʷɯs
又	*ɢʷɯs
佑	*ɢʷɯs
祐	*ɢʷɯs
賄	*qʰʷɯːʔ
蛕	*qʰʷɯːʔ, *ɡʷɯː
烠	*ɡʷɯː
倄	*ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
鮪	*ɢʷɯʔ
洧	*ɢʷɯʔ
痏	*ɢʷɯʔ
郁	*qʷɯ
戫	*qʷɯ
哊	*ɡʷɯ

Etymology

Related to 國 (OC *kʷɯːɡ, “country, nation”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yòu (you⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): êu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iu⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yòu
    • Wade–Giles: yu⁴
    • Yale: yòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yow
    • Palladius: ю (ju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau⁶
    • Yale: yauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: êu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛu²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: iu⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: iu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iū
    • Tâi-lô: iū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iu
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iu⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iu²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu³⁵/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷək-s/, /*[ɢ]ʷək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯs/, /*ɡʷɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	囿	囿
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yòu	yòu
Middle Chinese	‹ hjuwH ›	‹ hjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷək-s/	/*[ɢ]ʷək/
English	park, garden	park, garden
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	囿	囿
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	15599	15618
Phonetic component	又	又
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	宥	囿
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷɯs/	/*ɡʷɯ/

Definitions

囿

1. (literary) park

   皇囿 [Cantonese]  ―  wong⁴ jau⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  old name of King's Park, Hong Kong

   • 王在靈囿，麀鹿攸伏。麀鹿濯濯、白鳥翯翯。王在靈沼，於牣魚躍。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     王在灵囿，麀鹿攸伏。麀鹿濯濯、白鸟翯翯。王在灵沼，于牣鱼跃。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wáng zài língyòu, yōulù yōu fú. Yōulù zhuózhuó, bái niǎo hèhè. Wáng zài líng zhǎo, yú rèn yú yuè. [Pinyin]

     The king was in the numinous park, where the does were lying down; The does, so sleek and fat; with the white birds glistening. The king was by the numinous pond; - how full was it of fishes leaping about!

Compounds

• 上囿
• 中囿
• 九囿
• 俗囿
• 儒囿
• 別囿 / 别囿
• 區囿 / 区囿
• 囿人
• 囿制 (yòuzhì)
• 囿於 / 囿于 (yòuyú)
• 囿臺 / 囿台
• 囿苑
• 囿遊 / 囿游
• 園囿 / 园囿 (yuányòu)
• 場囿 / 场囿
• 墟囿
• 學囿 / 学囿
• 射囿
• 局囿
• 拘囿
• 文囿
• 書囿 / 书囿
• 林囿
• 淵囿 / 渊囿
• 玄囿
• 禁囿
• 繁囿
• 羅囿 / 罗囿
• 自囿
• 花囿
• 苑囿 (yuànyòu)
• 詞囿 / 词囿
• 詩囿 / 诗囿
• 辨囿
• 辯囿 / 辩囿
• 逸囿
• 郊囿
• 野囿
• 靈囿 / 灵囿

References

• “囿”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• “囿”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [The Archives of Licheng District, Putian City], editor (2022), “囿”, in 《莆仙方言文读字汇》 [A Character Collection of Literary Readings of the Puxian Topolect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 289.

Japanese

Kanji

囿

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. game preserve
2. pasture
3. garden

Readings

• Go-on: いく (iku)^{←ゐく (wiku, historical)}、う (u)
• Kan-on: いく (iku)^{←ゐく (wiku, historical)}、ゆう (yū)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
• Kun: その (sono, 囿)

References

• “^▲囿”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

囿 (eum 유 (yu))

1. pen up
2. limit, constrain

Vietnamese

Han character

囿: Hán Nôm readings: hữu

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