Jump to content

死

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 𭭽
死 U+6B7B, 死
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B7B
← 歺
[U+6B7A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 歼 →
[U+6B7C]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]
Stroke order
6 strokes

死 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+2, 6 strokes, Cangjie input 一弓心 (MNP), four-corner 10212, composition ⿸歹匕 or ⿱一⿰夕匕)

Derived characters

[edit]
Additional Derived Characters

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 578, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16365
  • Dae Jaweon: page 970, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1380, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6B7B

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 死
simp. # 死
alternative forms
𣦸
𣦹
𠒁 ancient
𠑾 ancient
𦭀 ancient
𣦸
𣦹
𠒁 ancient
𠑾 ancient
𦭀 ancient
𦫺
𤯽
𣥴
 

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 死
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljiʔ): semantic 歹 + phonetic 尸 (OC *hli)[1].

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sij.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • sei2 - vernacular;
  • si2 - literary (rare).
Note:
  • sī - vernacular;
  • sṳ̄ - literary.
Note:
  • si3 - vernacular;
  • so3 - literary.
Note:
  • sí - vernacular;
  • sú/sír - literary.
Note:
  • shi/si - vernacular;
  • sy - literary.
Rime
Character 死
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息姊切
Baxter sijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sjiX/
Li
Rong 		/sjiX/
Wang
Li 		/siX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/siX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 死
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sijX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*sijʔ/
English die (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 死
Reading # 1/1
No. 12006
Phonetic
component 		死
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		死
Old
Chinese 		/*hljiʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

死

  1. die; death
    1. (intransitive) to die
      必死無疑／必死无疑  ―  bì sǐ wúyí  ―  will die without a doubt
      佢兩年前已經死咗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      佢两年前已经死咗。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      keoi5 loeng5 nin4 cin4 ji5 ging1 sei2 zo2. [Jyutping]
      He already died two years ago.
      高校學生食堂吃出死老鼠。 [MSC, trad.]
      高校学生食堂吃出死老鼠。 [MSC, simp.]
      Gāoxiào xuéshēng shítáng chī chū sǐ lǎoshǔ. [Pinyin]
      A dead mouse was found in college cafeteria food.
      食死自己 [Cantonese]  ―  sik6 sei2 zi6 gei2 [Jyutping]  ―  to "eat oneself to death" (endanger oneself with eating habits)
      你噉樣擺會跌死人。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      你噉样摆会跌死人。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      nei5 gam2 joeng6-2 baai2 wui5 dit3 sei2 jan4. [Jyutping]
      Placing it so is a serious tripping hazard.
      嗰時死咗唔少人。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      嗰时死咗唔少人。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      go2 si4 sei2 zo2 m4 siu2 jan4. [Jyutping]
      A number of people died at the time.
      1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, transitive) to die for the sake of; to sacrifice oneself for; to die together with someone
        死節／死节  ―  sǐjié  ―  to die for honour
    2. (only in compounds) deadly; fatal; killing; to the death
      死刑  ―  sǐxíng  ―  capital punishment
      死戰／死战  ―  sǐzhàn  ―  deadly battle; fight to the death
    3. inactive
      死機／死机  ―  sǐjī  ―  (of a computer system) to crash
      死結／死结  ―  sǐjié  ―  encased knot
      路被垃圾堵死了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      Lù bèi lājī dǔ sǐ le. [Pinyin]
      The road is blocked by trash.
  2. (colloquial) Used as intensifier.
    1. (colloquial) very; bloody; totally
      我累死了。  ―  Wǒ lèi sǐ le.  ―  I'm dead tired.
      嘈死！ [Cantonese]  ―  cou4 sei2! [Jyutping]  ―  Keep it down! (literally, “You're being really noisy!”)
      熱死／热死 [Teochew]  ―  ruah8 si2 [Peng'im]  ―  really hot
    2. (offensive) damned; damn
      呢個死阿伯唔識揸車。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      呢个死阿伯唔识揸车。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      nei1 go3 sei2 aa3 baak3 m4 sik1 zaa1 ce1. [Jyutping]
      This damn geezer can't drive.
      死鬼佬 [Cantonese]  ―  sei2 gwai2 lou2 [Jyutping]  ―  goddamn white
      做咗咁死多次，我仲唔識做咩？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      做咗咁死多次，我仲唔识做咩？ [Cantonese, simp.]
      zou6 zo2 gam3 sei2 do1 ci3, ngo5 zung6 m4 sik1 zou6 me1? [Jyutping]
      I've done it so darn many times already, and you think I wouldn't know how to do it by now?
    3. (slang, offensive) to disappear; to go; (as in "where the hell did ... go")
      嗰枝死人原子筆死咗去邊呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
      嗰枝死人原子笔死咗去边呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
      go2 zi1 sei2 jan4 jyun4 zi2 bat1 sei2 zo2 heoi3 bin1 aa3? [Jyutping]
      Where's that goddamn pen?
      你這個死人死到哪裡去了，打手機也不接。 [MSC, trad.]
      你这个死人死到哪里去了，打手机也不接。 [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ zhège sǐrén sǐ dào nǎlǐ qù le, dǎ shǒujī yě bù jiē. [Pinyin]
      Where the hell have you been? Why are you not answering my calls?
      佢哋今次死咗去邊呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      佢哋今次死咗去边呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
      keoi5 dei6 gam1 ci3 sei2 zo2 heoi3 bin1 aa3? [Jyutping]
      Where'd they fuck off to this time?
      死返屋企 [Cantonese]  ―  sei2 faan1 uk1 kei2 [Jyutping]  ―  to fuck off back to one's home
    4. (Cantonese) awful
      死囉！／死啰！ [Cantonese]  ―  sei2 lo3! [Jyutping]  ―  Oh no!
  3. (Cantonese, Southern Min) persistently; stubbornly
    佢死都唔肯講。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢死都唔肯讲。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 sei2 dou1 m4 hang2 gong2. [Jyutping]
    He absolutely refuses to speak.
    (literally, “He is persistently not willing to say it.”)
    呢份工佢做死三十年。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    ni1 fan6 gung1 keoi5 zou6 sei2 saam1 sap6 nin4. [Jyutping]
    He has been stubbornly doing this job for thirty years.
  4. (Southern Min) closely; firmly; tightly
  5. (Cantonese) screwed
    做又死，唔做又死 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    zou6 jau6 sei2, m4 zou6 jau6 sei2 [Jyutping]
    screwed if I do, screwed if I don't

Usage notes

[edit]
  • The adjective 死 ("dead, inactive, etc.") cannot be used as a predicative adjective. The sentence *這隻狗死 generally does not mean "This dog is dead". For the meaning "is dead", usually the verb 死 in the perfect aspect ("to have died") is used instead:
    這隻狗死了。／这只狗死了。  ―  Zhè zhī gǒu sǐ le.  ―  This dog has died.
  • The verb 死 ("to die") lacks a present meaning and denotes either past (in perfect aspect) or future (not in perfect aspect) events. It cannot be modified by the progressive aspect marker 正在 (zhèngzài) or 著／着 (zhe).
    不死  ―  bùsǐ  ―  "will not die", immortal
    沒死／没死  ―  méi sǐ  ―  "did not die", alive

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (to die):
Dialectal synonyms of 死 (“to die”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 死, 亡, 歿, 卒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 死, 死亡, 亡故, 喪生, 喪命, 去世 †, 過世 †, 逝世 †, 離世 †, 下世 †, 不在 †, 過去 †, 仙逝 †, 歸天 †, 歸西 †, 升天 †, 作古 †, 長眠 †, 閉眼 †, 故去 †, ‡, 故世 †, ‡, 一命嗚呼, 謝世, 離開人間
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 死, 撂, 撂條, 不在 †, 故去 †, 吹燈 †, 吹燈拔蠟 †, 吹臺 †, 老 †, ‡, 踹腿 ¤, 踹腿兒 ¤, 踹 ¤, 回姥姥家 ¤, 彎回去 †, 毛兒提 Hui
Taiwan 死, 過世 †
Harbin 死, 老 †, ‡, 伸腿兒 ¤, 伸腿 ¤, 蹬腿兒 ¤, 奔兒咕 ¤, 桿兒屁 §, 桿兒細 §, 吹燈拔蠟
Singapore 死, 死掉, 死翹翹, 過世 †, 去世 †, 上天堂 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 死, 歿, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 不在 †, ‡, 王八 §, 完蛋, 完錢, 完活, 無常 Hui, 歸主 Hui, 歸真 Hui
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 死, 老 †, ‡, 上西天 §
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 死, 過去, 過世, 下世, 亡故, 不在, 升天, 去世 †, 老 †, ‡, 擱那兒 ¤
Wanrong 死, 歿, 老 †, ‡
Xi'an 死, 不在 †, 老 †, ‡, 無常 Hui
Xining 歿
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 死, 走 †, 歿 Hui, 歸真 Hui, 冒提 Hui, 口喚 Hui, 無常 Hui, 完 Hui
Lanzhou 死, 過世 †, 緩下 †, 躺下 †
Ürümqi 死, 過世 †, 不在 †
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 死, 過去 †, 不在 †, 去 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 撬桿兒 §, 撬桿 §, 翹辮子 §, 見馬克思, 歸天, 去陰國, 爬高煙囪,