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湯

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 汤
湯 U+6E6F, 湯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E6F
← 湮
[U+6E6E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 湰 →
[U+6E70]

Translingual

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Han character

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湯 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 水日一竹 (EAMH), four-corner 36127, composition ⿰氵昜)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 638, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17874
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1045, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1674, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6E6F

Chinese

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trad. 湯
simp. 汤
alternative forms 漡 “rushing current”

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (昜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
湯 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ
踼 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋʔ, *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
蝪 *l̥ʰaːŋ
薚 *l̥ʰaːŋ
簜 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l'aːŋʔ
盪 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
偒 *l̥ʰaːŋʔ
蕩 *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
燙 *l̥ʰaːŋs
啺 *l'aːŋ
碭 *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
婸 *l'aːŋʔ
愓 *l'aːŋʔ
璗 *l'aːŋʔ
崵 *l'aːŋʔ, *laŋ
逿 *l'aːŋs
暢 *l̥ʰaŋs
畼 *l̥ʰaŋs
腸 *l'aŋ
場 *l'aŋ
傷 *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
殤 *hljaŋ
觴 *hljaŋ
慯 *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
禓 *hljaŋ, *laŋ
塲 *hljaŋ
陽 *laŋ
楊 *laŋ
揚 *laŋ
瘍 *laŋ
煬 *laŋ, *laŋs
鍚 *laŋ
暘 *laŋ
颺 *laŋ, *laŋs
昜 *laŋ
輰 *laŋ
敭 *laŋ
鰑 *laŋ
諹 *laŋ, *laŋs
瑒 *laŋ, *rlaːŋʔ
鸉 *laŋ
餳 *ljaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-la(w)ŋ (“steam; hot (liquid)”); compare Tibetan རླངས (rlangs, “steam, vapour; steamy”) (Bodman, 1980; STEDT).

Related to 盪 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ, “basin for holding hot water for washing; wash basin”), 煬 (OC *laŋ, *laŋs, “to heat; to roast”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • Putian:
    • tung1 - vernacular (incl. surname of most people);
    • torng1 - literary (incl. surname of a few people).
  • Xianyou:
    • tng1 - vernacular;
    • torng1 - literary (incl. surname).
Note:
  • thng - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • thong - literary.
Note:
  • to1 - vernacular;
  • tang1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 湯
Mandarin Beijing /tʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /tʰaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tʰɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /tʰaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /tʰaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /tʰaŋ²¹/
Xining /tʰɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tʰɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /tʰɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /tʰã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /tʰaŋ³¹/
Hefei /tʰɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /tʰɑŋ¹³/
/tʰuə¹³/
Hohhot /tʰɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /tʰɑ̃⁵³/
Suzhou /tʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tʰɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /tʰuɔ³³/
Hui Shexian /tʰa³¹/
Tunxi /tʰau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tʰan³³/
Xiangtan /tʰɔn³³/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tʰoŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʰoŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰɔŋ⁵³/
Nanning /tʰɔŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tʰɔŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰɔŋ⁵⁵/
/tʰŋ̍⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰouŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰaŋ³³/
/tʰɯŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /haŋ²³/
/ho²³/
Rime
Character 湯
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 吐郎切
Baxter thang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/tʰɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/tʰɑŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tong1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 湯 湯
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tāng tāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thang › ‹ thang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁaŋ/ /*r̥ˁaŋ/
English hot liquid (proper name:) founder of Shāng dynasty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 湯
Reading # 1/3
No. 14552
Phonetic
component 		昜
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		湯
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰaːŋ/

Definitions

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湯

  1. (literary or regional) hot or boiling water
    赴湯蹈火／赴汤蹈火  ―  fùtāngdǎohuǒ  ―  to defy all difficulties and dangers (literally, “to go through boiling water and tread on fire”)
  2. broth; stock
    高湯／高汤  ―  gāotāng  ―  bouillon
  3. soup; water in which something has been boiled; beverage
    薑湯／姜汤  ―  jiāng tāng  ―  ginger tea
    我們晚餐喝湯。／我们晚餐喝汤。  ―  Wǒmen wǎncān hē tāng.  ―  We will have soup for dinner.
    元宵用水煮，隨湯一起吃。 [MSC, trad.]
    元宵用水煮，随汤一起吃。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yuánxiāo yòng shuǐ zhǔ, suí tāng yīqǐ chī. [Pinyin]
    Sweet dumplings are boiled and served in hot water.
  4. decoction of medicinal herbs
    白虎湯／白虎汤  ―  bái hǔ tāng  ―  White Tiger Decoction
  5. hot spring
  6. (dialectal Mandarin) dinner; meal
    喝湯兒／喝汤儿  ―  hē tāngr  ―  to have a meal [Central Mandarin]
  7. (Southern Min) pus
  8. Tang of Shang, founder of the Shang Dynasty of China
  9. a surname
    湯顯祖／汤显祖  ―  Tāng Xiǎnzǔ  ―  Tang Xianzu (playwright of the Ming dynasty)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 熱水 (“hot water”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 湯
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 熱水
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 熱水
Taiwan 熱水
Chifeng 熱水
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 熱水
Harbin 熱水
Shenyang 熱水
Malaysia 燒水
Singapore 燒水
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 熱水
Tangshan 熱水
Cangzhou 熱水
Baoding 熱水
Shijiazhuang 熱水
Jinan 熱水
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 熱水
Qingdao 熱水
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 熱水
Wanrong 熱水
Zhengzhou 熱水
Xi'an 熱水
Xining 熱水
Xuzhou 熱水
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 熱水
Lanzhou 熱水
Ürümqi 熱水
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 熱水
Chongqing 熱水
Wuhan 熱水
Guiyang 熱水
Kunming 熱水, 燙水
Guilin 㸊水, 熱水
Liuzhou 㸊水, 熱水
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 㸊水, 熱水
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 熱水
Yangzhou 熱水
Nantong 熱水
Hefei 熱水
Cantonese Guangzhou 熱水
Hong Kong 熱水
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 熱水
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 熱水
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 熱水
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 熱水
Macau 熱水
Guangzhou (Panyu) 熱水
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 熱水
Guangzhou (Conghua) 熱水
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 熱水
Foshan 熱水
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 熱水
Foshan (Shunde) 熱水
Foshan (Sanshui) 熱水
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 熱水
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 熱水
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 熱水
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 熱水
Zhuhai (Doumen) 熱水
Jiangmen (Baisha) 焫水
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 焫水
Taishan 熱水
Kaiping (Chikan) 焫水, 熱水
Enping (Niujiang) 熱水
Heshan (Yayao) 熱水
Dongguan 熱水
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 熱水
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 熱水
Qingyuan 熱水
Fogang 熱水
Yingde (Hanguang) 熱水
Yangshan 熱水
Lianshan (Butian) 熱水
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 熱水
Shaoguan 滾水
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 熱水
Renhua 熱水
Lechang 熱水, 滾水
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 熱水
Sihui 熱水
Guangning 熱水
Deqing 熱水
Huaiji 暖水
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 熱水
Yunfu 熱水
Xinxing 熱水
Luoding 熱水
Yunan (Pingtai) 熱水
Yangjiang 熱水
Xinyi 熱水
Lianjiang 熱水
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 熱水
Nanning 熱水
Wuzhou 熱水
Yulin 熱水
Hepu (Lianzhou) 熱水
Hepu (Shatian) 熱水
Guiping 熱水
Guigang (Nanjiang) 熱水
Beiliu (Tangliao) 熱水
Baise 熱水
Bobai 熱水
Lingshan 熱水
Pubei 熱水
Qinzhou 熱水
Beihai 熱水
Beihai (Nankang) 熱水
Beihai (Yingpan) 熱水
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 熱水
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 熱水
Ningming 熱水
Hengzhou 熱水
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 熱水
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 熱水
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 熱水
Singapore (Guangfu) 熱水
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 熱水
Móng Cái 熱水
Gan Nanchang 熱水
Lichuan 滾水, 熱水
Pingxiang 滾水
Hakka Meixian 燒水
Xingning 燒水
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 熱水
Huiyang 燒水
Huidong (Daling) 燒水
Dongguan (Qingxi) 燒水
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 燒水
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 燒水
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 燒水
Wuhua (Huacheng) 燒水
Wuhua (Changbu) 燒水
Wuhua (Mianyang) 燒水
Heyuan (Bendihua) 熱水
Wengyuan 暖水
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 滾水
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 暖水
Liannan 熱水
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 熱水
Jiexi 燒水
Luhe 滾水
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 燒水
Changting 燒水
Wuping 燒水
Wuping (Yanqian) 燒水
Wuping (Pingyu) 燒水
Liancheng 燒水
Ninghua 燒水
Ningdu 滾水
Ruijin 滾水
Shicheng 燒水, 滾水
Shangyou (Shexi) 燒水
Tonggu (Sandu) 滾水
Ganzhou (Panlong) 滾水
Dayu 滾水
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 燒水
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 燒水
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 燒水
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 燒水
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 燒水
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 燒水
Hong Kong 燒水
Yangxi (Tangkou) 熱水
Yangchun (Sanjia) 熱水
Xinyi (Sihe) 熱水
Xinyi (Qianpai) 熱水
Gaozhou (Xindong) 熱水
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 熱水
Huazhou (Xin'an) 熱水
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 燒水 for butchering pigs, 熱水 for bathing, 溫水 for bathing
Lianjiang (Qingping) 溫水
Mengshan (Xihe) 熱水
Luchuan 熱水
Luchuan (Daqiao) 熱水
Beiliu (Tang'an) 熱水
Mashan (Pianlian) 熱水
Sabah (Longchuan) 熱水
Kuala Lumpur (Huiyang) 熱水
Senai (Huiyang) 燒水
Kuching (Hepo) 燒水
Singkawang 燒水
Huizhou Jixi 熱水
Jin Taiyuan 熱水
Xinzhou 熱水
Linhe 滾水
Jining 熱水
Liangcheng 熱水
Hohhot 熱水
Zhangjiakou 熱水
Handan 熱水
Northern Min Jian'ou 燒水
Jianyang 燒水
Eastern Min Fuzhou 湯
Fuzhou (Changle) 湯
Lianjiang 湯
Fuqing 湯
Yongtai 湯
Minqing 湯
Gutian 湯
Luoyuan 湯
Fu'an 湯
Ningde 湯
Xiapu 湯
Zherong 湯
Shouning 湯
Zhouning 湯
Fuding 湯
Sitiawan (Gutian) 燒水
Southern Min Xiamen 燒水
Quanzhou 燒水, 燒湯
Jinjiang 燒水, 燒湯
Zhangzhou 燒水
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 燒水
Tainan 燒水
Penang (Hokkien) 燒水
Singapore (Hokkien) 燒水
Manila (Hokkien) 燒水
Zhangping (Yongfu) 燒水
Pingnan (Shangdu) 熱水
Chaozhou 燒水
Shantou 燒水
Jieyang 燒水
Haifeng 燒水
Hong Kong (Yuen Chau Tsai) 燒水
Hong Kong (Sha Tau Kok) 燒水
Bangkok (Teochew) 燒水
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 熱水, 燒水
Hat Yai (Teochew) 燒水
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 燒水
Singapore (Teochew) 燒水
Pontianak (Teochew) 熱水
Leizhou 燒水
Haikou 燒水
Qionghai 燒水
Puxian Min Putian 滾水, 熱水
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 滾水
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 熱水
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 熱水
Xianyou 滾水
Xianyou (Fengting) 滾水
Xianyou (Youyang) 滾水
Central Min Yong'an 燒水
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 燒水
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 燒水
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 𤊶水
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 熱水
Wu Shanghai 熱水
Shanghai (Chongming) 熱水
Suzhou 熱水
Danyang 熱水
Hangzhou 熱水
Ningbo 熱水
Wenzhou 湯
Jinhua 熱水
Xiang Changsha 熱水
Loudi 熱水
Hengyang 㸊水
Quanzhou 㸊水

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • ⇒ Chinese Pidgin Russian: subutang (“soup”) (Far Eastern dialect)

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character 湯
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他浪切
Baxter thangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰɑŋH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰɑŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tong3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 湯
Reading # 2/3
No. 14560
Phonetic
component 		昜
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		儻
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰaːŋs/
Notes 後作燙

Definitions

[edit]

湯

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) original form of 燙／烫 (tàng, “to warm; to bathe or rinse in hot water”)
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to touch; to come in contact with
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to meet with
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 蕩 / 荡 (dàng, “to wander; unconstrained”)
  5. used in 湯湯／汤汤 (tàngtàng, “turbulent”)

Pronunciation 3

[edit]
Rime
Character 湯
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式羊切
Baxter syang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭaŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		soeng1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 湯
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥aŋ/
English amply-flowing

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 湯
Reading # 3/3
No. 14585
Phonetic
component 		昜
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		商
Old
Chinese 		/*hljaŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

湯

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of a river current) rushing; great; torrential
    湯湯／汤汤  ―  shāngshāng  ―  torrential

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 4

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

湯

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) only used in 湯谷／汤谷, alternative form of 暘谷 / 旸谷

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
湯

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
湯
ゆ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yu.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] Also used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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湯(ゆ) • (yu) 

  1. warm or hot water
  2. bathwater
  3. a hot spring
  4. a medicinal bath
  5. a medicinal decoction
    Synonym: 茶 (cha)
  6. (nautical) bilgewater
  7. (metallurgy) molten metal used in casting or founding
  8. urine
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
湯
ぶう
Grade: 3
irregular

Baby talk.[1] Possibly onomatopoeic of a person blowing on a hot beverage.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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湯(ぶう) • (bū) 

  1. (childish, archaic) warm or hot water
  2. (childish, archaic) tea

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “湯”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3824:
    , text here
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 湯 (MC thang).

Historical readings

Hanja

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湯 (eumhun 끓일 탕 (kkeuril tang))

  1. Hanja form? of 탕 (“hot water”).

Vietnamese

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Han character

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湯: Hán Việt readings: thang[1][2][3][4], sương[3], thãng[3]
湯: Nôm readings: than[4]

  1. (alternative medicine) chữ Hán form of thang (“a dose of herbal medicine”)
  2. (obsolete) chữ Hán form of thang (“hot, boiling, or bubbling water”)

References

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  1. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  2. ^ Bonet (1899).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (1999).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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