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臺

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 台
臺 U+81FA, 臺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81FA
← 臹
[U+81F9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 臻 →
[U+81FB]

Translingual

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Japanese 台
Simplified 台
Traditional 臺

Han character

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臺 (Kangxi radical 133, 至+8, 14 strokes, Cangjie input 土口月土 (GRBG), four-corner 40104, composition ⿳吉冖至)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1002, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30161
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1459, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2817, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+81FA

Chinese

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trad. 臺/台*
simp. 台*
alternative forms 坮
䑓
Chinese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia zh

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (臺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
懛 *tɯː
儓 *tʰɯːs, *dɯː
臺 *dɯː
擡 *dɯː
薹 *dɯː
嬯 *dɯː
檯 *dɯː
籉 *dɯː

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): abbreviated 喬 + 室. Its exact structure changes depending on region and time period, but for most of its existence it has been a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声). The phonetic has always been 之 (OC *tjɯ) or 止 (OC *kjɯʔ).

Oracle bone inscriptions: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 宀.
Chu slips: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室
Jin slips:
Qin dynasty: Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + 高 + 室

Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 之 (“foot”) + abbreviated 高 (“high”) + 室 (“building”) – a watch tower. The Shuowen Jiezi Zhu considers 㞢 (*tjɯ) to be the sound component.

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 臺
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒哀切
Baxter doj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dʌi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dəi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dəj/
Li
Rong 		/dᴀi/
Wang
Li 		/dɒi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tái
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		toi4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 臺
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tái
Middle
Chinese 		‹ doj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁə/
English tower

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 臺
Reading # 1/1
No. 12306
Phonetic
component 		臺
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		臺
Old
Chinese 		/*dɯː/
Notes 室高省，小徐之聲

Definitions

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臺

  1. tower; lookout
    烽火臺／烽火台  ―  fēnghuǒtái  ―  beacon tower
  2. stage; platform
    講臺／讲台  ―  jiǎngtái  ―  lectern; rostrum
    舞臺／舞台  ―  wǔtái  ―  stage (for performing)
    臺上有兩個演員。 [MSC, trad.]
    台上有两个演员。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tái shàng yǒu liǎng ge yǎnyuán. [Pinyin]
    There are two actors on stage.
  3. support; stand; base
    燈臺／灯台  ―  dēngtái  ―  lampstand
    窗臺／窗台  ―  chuāngtái  ―  windowsill
  4. station
    天文臺／天文台  ―  tiānwéntái  ―  observatory (place where celestial bodies are observed)
    氣象臺／气象台  ―  qìxiàngtái  ―  meteorological observatory
    電視臺／电视台  ―  diànshìtái  ―  television station
    1. (specifically) broadcasting station or channel; television station or channel
      臺標／台标  ―  táibiāo  ―  television station logo
      換臺／换台  ―  huàntái  ―  to change the television channel
      北京臺／北京台  ―  Běijīngtái  ―  Beijing TV
      芒果臺／芒果台  ―  Mángguǒtái  ―  Hunan TV
      今晚看哪個臺？／今晚看哪个台？  ―  Jīnwǎn kàn nǎge tái?  ―  Which channel shall [we] watch?
    2. (specifically, Internet) live stream
      開臺／开台  ―  kāitái  ―  to livestream
  5. terrace (raised ground)
  6. Term of address conveying respect for the addressee.
    兄臺／兄台  ―  xiōngtái  ―  brother; friend
  7. short for 臺灣／台灣／台湾 (Táiwān, “Taiwan”)
    乙未割臺／乙未割台  ―  yǐwèi gē Tái  ―  Cession of Taiwan in 1895
    來臺旅客／来台旅客  ―  lái Tái lǚkè  ―  tourists to Taiwan
  8. short for 臺語／台語／台语 (Táiyǔ, “Taiwanese Hokkien”)
  9. Classifier for machines, vehicles or electronic devices. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    一臺電腦／一台电脑  ―  yī tái diànnǎo  ―  a computer
    一臺望遠鏡／一台望远镜  ―  yī tái wàngyuǎnjìng  ―  a telescope
  10. Classifier for stage performance. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    一臺戲／一台戏  ―  yī tái xì  ―  a stage performance
  11. alternative form of 檯 / 台 (tái, “table; desk”)
  12. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 薹 (tái)
    臺心菜／台心菜  ―  táixīncài  ―  choy sum
  13. a surname
  14. (mahjong) points
Usage notes
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  • Although use of the traditional form 臺 is encouraged by the ROC Ministry of Education, the variant 台 is commonly used instead.[1]
  • The surname 臺 (Tái) is different from the surname 台 (Yí). Note that 臺 has been simplified to 台 in mainland China.
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 輛 (“(classifier for vehicles)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 輛, 部
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 輛, 掛 >
Taiwan 輛, 臺
Malaysia 輛
Singapore 輛
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 輛, 掛 >
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 輛, 部
Xi'an 輛, 掛 >
Xining 輛
Xuzhou 輛, 部
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 輛
Ürümqi 輛, 部
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 架, 掛, 輛
Wuhan 乘, 部
Guiyang 部
Liuzhou 部
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 部, 輛, 掛 dated
Yangzhou 掛, 輛
Hefei 掛, 架
Cantonese Guangzhou 架, 部
Hong Kong 架, 部
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 架
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 架
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 架
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 架
Macau 架
Guangzhou (Panyu) 架
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 架
Guangzhou (Conghua) 架
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 架
Foshan 架
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 架
Foshan (Shunde) 架
Foshan (Sanshui) 架
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 架
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 架
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 架
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 部
Zhuhai (Doumen) 架
Jiangmen (Baisha) 架
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 架
Taishan 架
Kaiping (Chikan) 架
Enping (Niujiang) 架
Heshan (Yayao) 架
Dongguan 架
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 架
Yangjiang 架
Nanning 架
Danzhou 架
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 堂
Ipoh (Guangfu) 架, 部, 堂
Gan Nanchang 隻, 部, 乘
Pingxiang 部
Hakka Meixian 輛, 架
Xingning 架
Dabu (Xihe) 輛
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 輛
Huiyang 架
Dongguan (Qingxi) 架
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 架
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 架
Wuhua (Huacheng) 輛
Heyuan (Bendihua) 架
Wengyuan 輛
Liannan 架, 部
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 架
Jiexi 輛
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 輛
Changting 架
Wuping (Yanqian) 輛
Ninghua 輛
Ningdu 部
Tonggu (Sandu) 部
Ganzhou (Panlong) 頂
Dayu 部, 輛
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 臺
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 臺
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 臺, 輛
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 臺, 輛
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 臺, 輛
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 輛
Hong Kong 架
Yangxi (Tangkou) 部
Yangchun (Sanjia) 部
Xinyi (Sihe) 部
Xinyi (Qianpai) 部
Gaozhou (Xindong) 架
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 架
Huazhou (Xin'an) 部
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 部
Mengshan (Xihe) 部, 個
Luchuan 架
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 堂, 輛
Senai (Huiyang) 床
Singkawang 輛, 臺, 堂
Huizhou Jixi 部
Jin Taiyuan 輛, 掛 >, 部
Xinzhou 輛
Northern Min Jian'ou 架
Eastern Min Fuzhou 架, 部
Fuzhou (Changle) 架
Fuqing 架, 門
Yongtai 架
Gutian 架
Fu'an 架
Ningde 架
Shouning 部
Zhouning 篷
Fuding 架
Southern Min Xiamen 頂, 部, 把, 隻
Xiamen (Tong'an) 頂
Quanzhou 頂, 把, 隻
Jinjiang 把, 頂
Yongchun 頂
Zhangzhou 頂, 隻
Zhangpu 頂
Tainan 臺
Penang (Hokkien) 頂
Singapore (Hokkien) 頂
Manila (Hokkien) 頂
Pingnan (Shangdu) 架
Chaozhou 張, 隻
Raoping 張
Shantou 隻
Shantou (Chenghai) 隻
Haifeng 輛, 部
Bangkok (Teochew) 隻
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 隻
Singapore (Teochew) 頂, 張
Leizhou 架
Wenchang 架
Haikou 架, 場
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 架, 部
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 架
Wu Shanghai 部
Shanghai (Chongming) 部
Suzhou 部
Danyang 部
Hangzhou 部, 輛
Ningbo 部
Wenzhou 部, 把 †
Jinhua 部
Xiang Changsha 部, 張 †, 把 †
Loudi 部
Shuangfeng 間, 部
Note > - large vehicles; † - large handcarts
Dialectal synonyms of 番 (“points (mahjong)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 番
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 臺
Malaysia 番
Singapore 臺, 番
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 番
Cantonese Hong Kong 番
Singapore (Guangfu) 番
Gan Nanchang 番
Lichuan 番
Southern Min Taipei 臺 GT
Singapore (Hokkien) 臺
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Descendants
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Sino-Xenic (臺):
  • → Japanese: 台(だい) (dai)
  • → Korean: 대(臺) (dae)
  • → Vietnamese: đài (臺)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 臺 – see 檯 (“table; desk; table”).
(This character is a variant traditional form of 檯).

References

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  1. ^ Shih Hsiu-chuan (14 December 2010), “Premier respects ‘choice’ on spelling”, in Taipei Times‎[1], archived from the original on 13 January 2012, page 3

Japanese

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Shinjitai 台
Kyūjitai 臺

Kanji

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臺

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 台)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 台

Readings

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 臺 (MC doj).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄄᆡᆼ (Yale: ttòy)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄃᆡᆺ (Yale: tòy-s) ᄃᆡ (Yale: tòy)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

臺 (eumhun 대 대 (dae dae))

  1. hanja form? of 대 (“platform”) [noun]
  2. hanja form? of 대 (“counter for vehicles or machinery”) [counter]
  3. hanja form? of 대 (“(after a number) in the... s”) [suffix]

Compounds

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Proper noun

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Hanja in this term
臺

臺 • (dae) (hangeul 대)

  1. (in news headlines) short for 臺(대)灣(만) (Daeman, “Taiwan”)

Usage notes

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A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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臺: Hán Nôm readings: đài

  1. chữ Hán form of đài (“platform, broadcast station”)
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