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門

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 鬥, 门, 問, 𠁣𠃛, and 𨳈
門 U+9580, 門
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9580
← 长
[U+957F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閁 →
[U+9581]

⾨ U+2FA8, ⾨
KANGXI RADICAL GATE
← ⾧
[U+2FA7] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾩ →
[U+2FA9]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 169 門

門 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+0, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 日弓 (AN), four-corner 77777, composition ⿰𠁣𠃛)

  1. Kangxi radical #169, ⾨.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical number 438.

Derived characters

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Additional derived characters
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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1329, character 53
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41208
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1833, character 38
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4281, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9580

Chinese

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trad. 門
simp. 门
alternative forms 𨳇
閅／𮤫
门
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 門
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蔄 *roːs, *mruːns
闅 *min, *mrɯn, *mɯn
閩 *mrɯn, *mɯn
蕄 *mɯːŋ, *mrɯːŋ
門 *mɯːn
捫 *mɯːn
悶 *mɯːns
聞 *mɯn, *mɯns
閿 *mɯn
問 *mɯns

Pictogram (象形): a gate. Compare 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “(one) door”), which is half of this character (𠁣).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mur (“mouth; lip; to hold in mouth; to chew; face; gills”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan མུར་བ (mur ba, “to masticate”), Tibetan མུར་འགྲམ (mur 'gram, “jawbone; cheek”), Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”) and 吻 (OC *mɯnʔ, “lips; corner of the lips”).

“-gate”
Semantic loan from English -gate, which is a back-formation from Watergate. Also influenced by Japanese 羅生門.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • muei2/muai2/mui2 - vernacular;
  • mong2/muerng2/muong2 - literary.
Note:
  • mn̂g/mûi - vernacular;
  • bûn - literary.
Note: meng5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: mui5 / mung5
      • Sinological IPA: /mui²²/, /muŋ²²/
Note:
  • mui5 - vernacular;
  • mung5 - literary.
Note:
Rime
Character 門
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫奔切
Baxter mwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/muon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mwən/
Li
Rong 		/muən/
Wang
Li 		/muən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/muən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 門
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mén
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁə[r]/
English gate, door

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 門
Reading # 1/1
No. 8960
Phonetic
component 		門
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		門
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯːn/
門/门

Definitions

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門

  1. gate; door; entrance; opening; portal (Classifier: 扇 m mn; 道 m c; 度 c; 條／条 c; 隻／只 c; 片 mn)
  2. valve; switch
  3. way of doing something; knack
    門路／门路  ―  ménlù  ―  way of doing something
  4. family
    陳門李小花之墓／陈门李小花之墓  ―  Chén mén Lǐ Xiǎohuā zhī mù  ―  the grave of Li Xiaohua of Chen family (i.e. she was married to a man with surname Chen before death)
  5. school; sect; school of thought; tradition
    佛門／佛门  ―  fómén  ―  Buddhism
    門生／门生  ―  ménshēng  ―  disciple of a particular tradition
  6. class; category
  7. (taxonomy) phylum; division
  8. (logic, electronics) logic gate
  9. Classifier for lessons, subjects, branches of technology, and languages. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
  10. Classifier for livelihoods, trades, skills, businesses, etc.
    這門生意不好做。 [MSC, trad.]
    这门生意不好做。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè mén shēngyì bùhǎo zuò. [Pinyin]
    It's a tough business.
  11. Classifier for thoughts, ideas, or emotions, particularly those forming a system or complex.
    你這一門心思，誰猜得到？ [MSC, trad.]
    你这一门心思，谁猜得到？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zhè yī mén xīnsī, shéi cāidé dào? [Pinyin]
    Who could have guessed all that in your mind?
  12. Classifier for marriage, romantic, or family relations.
    說成一門親事／说成一门亲事  ―  shuō chéng yī mén qīnshì  ―  to successfully make a match
  13. Classifier for large guns.
  14. -gate (a suffix combined with keywords to form the names of scandals)
    艷照門／艳照门  ―  Yànzhàomén  ―  Edison Chen photo scandal (literally, “explicit photo scandal”)
  15. (anatomy) hilum of an organ
  16. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 門 (“door”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 門, 戶
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 門, 門戶
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 門
Taiwan 門
Chengde 門
Chifeng 門
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 門
Heihe 門
Qiqihar 門
Harbin 門
Jiamusi 門
Baicheng 門
Changchun 門
Tonghua 門
Shenyang 門
Jinzhou 門
Malaysia 門
Singapore 門
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 門
Tangshan 門
Cangzhou 門兒
Baoding 門
Shijiazhuang 門
Jinan 門
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 門
Dandong 門
Yantai 門
Yantai (Muping) 門, 門子
Zhucheng 門
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 門
Jining 門
Wanrong 門
Linfen 門
Shangqiu 門
Yuanyang 門
Zhengzhou 門
Xinyang 門
Baihe 門
Xi'an 門
Baoji 門
Tianshui 門
Xining 門
Dunhuang (Hedong dialect) 門
Xuzhou 門
Fuyang 門
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 門
Lanzhou 門
Hami 門
Ürümqi 門
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 門
Nanchong 門
Dazhou 門
Hanyuan 門
Xichang 門
Zigong 門
Chongqing 門
Wuhan 門
Yichang 門
Xiangyang 門
Tianmen 門
Guiyang 門
Zunyi 門
Bijie 門
Liping 門
Zhaotong 門
Dali 門
Kunming 門
Mengzi 門
Guilin 門
Liuzhou 門
Jishou 門
Changde 門
Hanzhong 門
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 門
Yangzhou 門
Lianyungang 門
Lianshui 門
Nantong 門
Anqing 門
Wuhu 門
Hefei 門
Hong'an 門
Cantonese Guangzhou 門
Hong Kong 門
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 門
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 門
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 門
Dongguan 門
Yangjiang 門
Gan Nanchang 門
Lichuan 門
Pingxiang 門
Hakka Meixian 門
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 門
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 門
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 門
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 門
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 門
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 門
Hong Kong 門
Kuching (Hepo) 門
Huizhou Jixi 門
Shexian 門
Jin Taiyuan 門, 門子
Pingyao 門
Yangyuan 門
Datong 門
Xinzhou 門子
Lüliang (Lishi) 門
Changzhi 門, 門子
Linhe 門
Jining 門
Hohhot 門
Erenhot 門
Pingshan 門兒
Zhangjiakou 門
Handan 門兒
Linzhou 門
Suide 門
Northern Min Jian'ou 門
Eastern Min Fuzhou 門
Southern Min Xiamen 門
Jinjiang 門
New Taipei (Tamsui) 門
New Taipei (Pingxi) 門
Kaohsiung 門
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 門
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 門
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 門
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 門
Yilan (Toucheng) 門
Tainan 門
Tainan (Anping) 門
Penghu (Xiyu) 門
Manila (Hokkien) 門
Chaozhou 門
Shantou 門
Jieyang 門
Bangkok (Teochew) 門
Pontianak (Teochew) 門
Leizhou 門
Haikou 門
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 門
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 門
Suzhou 門
Danyang 門
Hangzhou 門
Wenzhou 門
Jinhua 門
Xiang Changsha 門
Xiangxiang 門
Shuangfeng 門
Hengyang 門
  • (large gun classifier): 尊 (zūn)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (門):
  • → Japanese: 門(もん) (mon)
  • → Korean: 문(門) (mun)
  • → Vietnamese: môn (門)

Others:

See also

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taxonomic ranksedit

References

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Japanese

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Ryakuji for 門. Compare derived ryakuji for 間 and 開, and simplified Chinese 门 (mén).

Kanji

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門

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: もん (mon, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ぼん (bon)
  • Kun: かど (kado, 門, Jōyō)、いえ (ie, 門)、と (to, 門)、みうち (miuchi, 門)
  • Nanori: かな (kana)、と (to)、ひろ (hiro)、ゆき (yuki)

Compounds

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
門
もん
Grade: 2
goon

From Middle Chinese 門 (MC mwon).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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門(もん) • (mon) 

  1. a gate
  2. (religion) a sect, school of thought
  3. (biology) a phylum, division
  4. short for 門限 (mongen): a curfew
Coordinate terms
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taxonomic ranksedit
Derived terms
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Counter

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門(もん) • (-mon) 

  1. counter for cannons or large guns

Affix

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門(もん) • (mon) 

  1. doorway, exit and entrance
  2. clan, family, kin
  3. teaching institution
  4. set of academic doctrines
  5. Used in Sanskrit transliterations
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
門
かど
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨kado1⟩ → */kadʷo/ → /kado/

From Old Japanese.

The final -do is cognate with 戸(と) (to, “door”). Compare 籠(かご) (kago, “basket”), which is cognate with 籠(こ) (ko).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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門(かど) • (kado) 

  1. a gate, portal
  2. an entrance, gateway, opening
  3. a clan, family, kin
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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門(かど) • (Kado) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
門
と
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 門 – see the following entry.
【戸と】2
[noun] door; a plate placed on doorway
(This term, 門, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 門 (MC mwon).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

門 (eumhun 문 문 (mun mun))

  1. hanja form? of 문 (“gate; door; gateway; portal”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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門

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
門
ぢょう
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

First attested as ᅀᅭ (/⁠zʲo⁠/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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門(ぢょう) (jō) 

  1. a gate

Old Japanese

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Etymology 1

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The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to1, “door”).

Noun

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門 (kado1) (kana かど)

  1. a gate, portal; can also refer to an entrance, gateway, and opening.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Japanese: 門 (kado)

Etymology 2

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Same as カド甲 (kado1) above; the vowel is modified from an o to an u sound as part of a general linguistic trend in the Central Eastern dialect.

Noun

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門 (kadu) (kana かづ)

  1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) Same as カド甲 (kado1) above

References

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Omodaka, Hisataka (1967), 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, pages 198, 201

Vietnamese

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Han character

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門: Hán Việt readings: môn[1][2][3][4][5][6]
門: Nôm readings: món[2][3][6], mòn[1][7], muôn[1][7], mon[2][7], môn[1], mun[7]

  1. chữ Hán form of môn (“subject, discipline; door, entrance”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of mon (“(used in mon men) to sneak and approach”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of mòn (“to wear out”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of mun (“(botany) ebony”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of muôn (“ten thousand”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hồ (1976).
  4. ^ Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Nguyễn (2014).

Zhuang

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Pronoun

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門

  1. Sawndip form of mwngz
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