Yanayin Toronto

Hoton tauraron dan adam na Toronto a cikin 2018

Kogin Toronto tare da Scarborough Bluffs, wani tsawo tare da Tafkin Ontario.

Yanayin ƙasa na Toronto, Ontario, ya ƙunshi yanki mai faɗin 630 km2 (240 sq mi) kuma yana iyaka da tafkin Ontario zuwa kudu; Etobicoke Creek, Eglinton Avenue, da Babbar Hanya 427 zuwa yamma; Titin Steeles zuwa arewa; da Kogin Rouge da Layin Scarborough-Pickering zuwa gabas. Baya ga Etobicoke Creek da kogin Rouge, ƙananan koguna biyu ne suka raba birnin, kogin Humber a ƙarshen yamma da Kogin Don gabas da tsakiyar gari. Dukansu suna gudana zuwa kudu zuwa tafkin Ontario a Humber Bay da Toronto Harbor bi da bi, waɗanda wani yanki ne na Kogin Ruwa mai tsayi, da Etobicoke Creek da Kogin Rouge.

Maida hankali da kariya ga raƙuman ruwa masu zurfi na Toronto suna ba da damar manyan yankuna na kwarin da ke da gandun daji tare da hanyoyin nishaɗi a cikin birni. Kimanin kashi 26 zuwa 28 cikin dari na Toronto an rufe shi da itatuwa sama da miliyan goma, babban kashi a cikin babban birni a Arewacin Amurka kuma akwai shawarwari masu ban sha'awa don ninka ɗaukar hoto. Wasu sassan Toronto, kamar High Park, Swansea da ƙananan Kogin Humber, suna cikin arewacin yankin gandun daji na Carolinian da aka samu a Arewacin Amurka.

Yankin bakin teku na tsohon Tafkin Iroquois babban fasalin yanayin gabas ne, wanda aka kafa a ƙarshen Lokacin Glacial na Ƙarshe. A ƙarshen yamma, Davenport Road ya bi tsohuwar bakin teku tare da matakai zuwa Casa Loma da ke tashi sama da kuma gine-ginen da ke cikin gari a bayyane a kudu maso gabas. Ya haɗu da bakin tekun Lake Ontario na yanzu a filin Scarborough Bluffs.

Tsibirin Toronto shine kawai rukuni na tsibirai na halitta da ke kan iyakar yammacin Tafkin Ontario kuma an kafa su ne daga rushewar Scarborough Bluffs. Tsibirin Toronto da farko yashi ne har sai babban guguwa ya raba su daga yankin a ƙarshen shekarun 1850. Tsibirin wucin gadi sun haɗa da tsibirai da suka zama Ontario Place .

Makwabta na kusa da Toronto sune Mississauga da Brampton a cikin Gundumar Peel, Vaughan da Markham a cikin Garin Yankin York, da Pickering a cikin Gidan Yankin Durham. Babban Yankin Toronto (GTA) ya haɗa da yankunan Halton, Peel, York da Durham.

GTA wani bangare ne na mafi girma, tsarin halittu na halitta wanda aka sani da Greater Toronto Bioregion . Wannan tsarin halittu yana da iyaka da Tafkin Ontario, Niagara Escarpment, da Oak Ridges Moraine, kuma ya haɗa da ruwa da yawa da ke shiga cikin Tafkin Ontario.

In March 2005, the Government of Ontario unveiled the boundaries of a greenbelt around the Greater Toronto Area, a 7,200 km² (2,800 sq mi) area stretching from Niagara Falls to Peterborough. The green belt is designed to curb urban sprawl and to preserve valuable natural areas and farmland surrounding the city. However, some types of development including detached single residential, quarries and commercial facilities continue to get approved, exerting pressure and population growth on the Greenbelt. Toronto is among the latest in a line of cities that have implemented growth boundaries of some kind as a method of restricting urban growth, including Ottawa; Montreal; Lexington, Kentucky; Nashville and Knoxville, Tennessee; Minneapolis, Seattle, Greater Vancouver, Miami, Portland, Oregon; Frankfurt; Melbourne; Seoul; and London.

Yanayi

Toronto
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M Y Y A S O N D     62     0 −7     55     1 −6     54     5 −2     68     12 4     82     19 10     71     24 15     64     27 18     81     26 18     85     22 14     64     15 8     84     8 2     61     3 −3 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     2.4     31 20     2.2     33 21     2.1     41 29     2.7     53 39     3.2     66 50     2.8     76 59     2.5     81 65     3.2     79 64     3.3     72 57     2.5     58 46     3.3     47 36     2.4     37 27 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Cherry flower (sakura) itatuwa a cikin High Park a cikin 2015

Yanayin nahiyar Toronto yana da matsakaici ta Lake Ontario; yanayin sa yana daga cikin mafi laushi a Kanada a gabashin Dutsen Rocky, saboda latitude na kudu na Toronto a cikin ƙasar. Downtown Toronto yana zaune a cikin aljihu na Yanayin zafi na nahiyar (Köppen: Dfa) yankin da aka samu a ƙarshen kudu maso yammacin Tafkin Ontario wanda ke rufe kudancin birnin - gami da gari (amma ban da Tsibirin Toronto), inda matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara ya wuce 9 °C (48 °F) ° C (48 ° F). Wasu daga cikin Toronto, a waje da iyakokin birni kafin 1998, wasu yankunan da ke kusa da birni, da Tsibirin Toronto, sun fada cikin tsarin yanayi na Dfb. Wannan bambancin ya samo asali ne daga tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane. Toronto tana cikin yankin juriya 7a, tare da raguwar juriya daga tsakiyar gari (5b a cikin unguwanni). Akwai babban canji daga shekara zuwa shekara kuma wani lokacin a cikin kwanaki, musamman a lokacin watanni na hunturu. Kodayake ba asalin Arewacin Amurka ba ne, itatuwan cherry (sakura) suna fure a Toronto a ƙarshen Afrilu da farkon Mayu.

Yanayin zafin jiki na ruwa na Tafkin Ontario ya bambanta saboda hauhawar ruwan sanyi ko tafkuna masu zafi na ruwa mai zafi wanda ke haifar da bambancin zafi; ruwan da ya fi zurfi na tafkin, ya kasance a kusan yanayin zafin ruwa na 4 °C (39 °F) ° C (39 ° F), wanda tasirinsa ko dai sanyaya ko dumi (a cikin hunturu). Wannan yana haifar da dare mai zafi a cikin lokacin sanyi fiye da yadda zai faru. Lokacin da iskõki na bakin teku ke hurawa a lokacin rani, suna dumi yayin da suke kusa da bakin tafkin da yamma; akasin haka, tasirin sanyaya ta tafkin ya fi bayyana a lokacin bazara da yammacin bazara, wanda zai iya shafar Toronto har ma fiye da sauran biranen da ke kan Great Lakes saboda bayyanarsa ga iskõki a bakin teku daga gabas zuwa kudu maso gabas, a wasu kwanaki, yanayin zafi na iya zama kamar 10 °C (18 °F) ° C (18 ° F) sanyi fiye da wuraren da aka cire daga Tafkin Ontario, tasirin da ya ragu a lokacin rani lokacin da iska mai rinjaye ya zama mafi girma ya zama mafi zafi a kudu maso yamma da tafkin.

Gidan jirgin ruwa na Toronto ya daskare a cikin 2014. Ya bambanta da wuraren da suka fi zurfi na tafkin, wanda ke nesa da bakin teku, ruwan da ke kusa da bakin teku na iya daskarewa a wasu lokuta.

Ruwan ruwa da kaka sun fi guntu fiye da lokacin rani da hunturu, kuma suna da yanayi daban-daban tare da sauyawa na bushewa, yanayin rana da ruwan sama. Kwanaki da yawa a cikin waɗannan lokutan suna da rana tare da jin daɗi maimakon zafi ko sanyi. Dare yawanci yana da sanyi, amma sanyi yana da wuya. Snow na iya faɗuwa a farkon bazara ko ƙarshen faɗuwar amma yawanci yana narkewa da sauri bayan ya taɓa ƙasa. A waɗannan lokutan canji na shekara, bambancin zafin jiki (har zuwa 30 °C (54 °F) ° C (54 ° F) a cikin matsanancin yanayi) na iya faruwa a cikin gajeren lokaci saboda saurin canza iska wanda ke mamaye nahiyar, sau da yawa tare da manyan iskõki. Saboda wadannan canje-canjen iska, an rubuta yanayin zafi na 30 °C (86 °F) ° C (86 ° F) ko sama da farko a ranar 16 ga Afrilu kuma a ƙarshen 8 ga Oktoba. Sabanin haka, yanayin zafi na -10 ° C (14 ° F) ko ƙasa da dare an rubuta shi tun farkon Nuwamba 6 kuma har zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu 18. An bayar da rahoton dusar ƙanƙara tun daga farkon Oktoba 1 kuma har zuwa ƙarshen Mayu 28. Yanayin Toronto yana shafar matsayi na dangi na rafin jet na polar da kuma hanyar guguwa ta nahiyar, dukansu biyu suna wucewa ko kusa da yankin tare da wasu mitar. Wannan ya ƙayyade ta hanyar direbobi masu rikitarwa na duniya, kamar El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic oscillation (NOA) / Arctic oscillation, AO da polar vortex.

Babu "lokacin fari" kamar yadda ruwan sama ya faɗi a duk watanni tare da daidaito (amma galibi dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu), amma ruwan sama na rani ya samo asali ne daga tsawa, wanda ke haifar da matsakaicin matsakaicin adadi a matsayin doka ta gaba ɗaya tare da lokutan bushewa na lokaci-lokaci. Fabrairu da Maris sun kasance watanni mafi bushewa a matsakaici. Dangane da Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi Kanada, daga 1991 zuwa 2020, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 831 mm (32.72 in) in).

Lokacin hunturu da dusar ƙanƙara

Milliken, unguwar zama ta Scarborough, a lokacin guguwar kankara, a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 2018.

Duk da sanyi, lokutan da ba su da dusar ƙanƙara suna faruwa a mafi yawan lokutan hunturu kuma ruwan sama na iya faɗuwa kamar ruwan sama tare da yanayin zafi wani lokacin hawa sama da 10 °C (50 °F) ° C (50 ° F). Matsakaicin dusar ƙanƙara na hunturu shine 121.5 cm (47.83 in) in) a tashar yanayi a Downtown Toronto da 108.5 cm (42.72 in) in) jirgin saman Toronto Pearson.

Matsakaicin matsakaicin Janairu / mafi ƙaranci yana tsakanin -1 da -7 ° C (30 da 19 ° F) a cikin birni. Yawancin lokaci akwai 'yan lokutan sanyi inda yanayin zafi ya kasance ƙasa da -10 ° C (14 ° F) kuma ba sau da yawa ƙasa da -20 ° C (-4 ° F) da dare (musamman a yankunan arewacin), tare da sanyi na iska yana sa ya ji kamar -30 ° C (-22 ° F).

Saboda matsayinta a gefen arewa maso yammacin Tafkin Ontario, Toronto ba kai tsaye ba ne na dusar ƙanƙara mai nauyi, iska da ke tasirin tafkin da ya buge wasu biranen Great Lake a kudancin / gabas na tabkuna, a yankunan da iskõki masu yawa ke kara tasirin tafkin. Duk da haka, yawanci akwai dusar ƙanƙara biyu ko fiye a kowane hunturu wanda ke ajiye akalla 15 cm (5.91 in) in) tarawa, yawanci daga guguwa hunturu mai ƙarfi da aka sani da "Colorado Lows" ko ƙugiyoyi masu tasowa waɗanda ke karɓar danshi a kan hanyar zuwa Great Lakes. Wadannan guguwa na iya samar da iskõki masu ƙarfi na gabas waɗanda ke samun ƙarin danshi daga Tafkin Ontario. Sau da yawa suna zuwa tare da cakuda dusar ƙanƙara, ƙanƙarar ƙanƙanta, ruwan sama mai daskarewa kuma wani lokacin ruwan sama na yau da kullun, dukansu zasu iya rushe sufuri, kuma mawuyacin hali, katse samar da wutar lantarki. Masu cirewa na Alberta ba su da tasiri sosai, yawanci suna ƙetare yankin da sauri, suna kawo dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa amma mai sauƙi. Wani ruwan sama mai sanyi ya faru a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba, 2013, wanda ya jefa kashi 30 cikin dari na birnin cikin duhu, wasu har sai bayan Ranar Kirsimeti.

Toronto snowplows yana share babbar hanyar dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin guguwar hunturu.

A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 1999, bayan da aka yi ruwan dusar ƙanƙara, magajin garin Toronto na lokacin Mel Lastman ya yi kira ga rundunar sojojin Kanada da su taimaka wajen kawar da dusar ƙanƙara da share tituna. A cikin kwanaki goma sha biyu, tashar yanayi ta cikin garin Toronto a Jami'ar Toronto (Trinity College kusa da Queen's Park) ta yi rikodin matsakaicin darajar lokacin 118.4 cm (46.61 in) na dusar ƙanƙara, yawancin tasirin tafkin daga tafkin Ontario da rikodin kowane wata na Janairu, amma ya gaza ga watan mafi dusar ƙanƙara gabaɗaya na Maris 1870, tare da 158.5cm. (35.04 in) ya faɗi sama da kwanaki biyar. Fabrairu 2008 ta kafa rikodin faɗuwar dusar ƙanƙara na watan tare da fadowa 76.8 cm (30.24 in) a filin jirgin sama, har sai Fabrairu 2025 da 78.2 cm (30.79 in). Lokacin hunturu na 2007-08 ya kawo adadin dusar ƙanƙara mai tsayin 209.7cm (82.56 a) cikin gari da 194.0 cm (76.4 in) a filin jirgin sama. Dusar ƙanƙara mai tsananin sanyi, tare da rikodin ruwan sama a watan Yuni-Yuli na waccan shekarar ya sanya 2008 ta zama shekarar mafi sanyi a tarihin yanayi tare da sama da 1,070 mm (42.13 in) na yawan hazo, har sai 2024 ya karye da 1,146 mm (45.12 in). Mafi girman rikodin sa'o'i 24 da dusar ƙanƙara na yau da kullun ya faru a ranar 11-12 ga Disamba, 1944, lokacin da 57.2 cm (22.5 in) ya tara, tare da 48.3 cm (19.0 in) a ranar 11 ga Disamba kaɗai. Kwanan nan a ranar 16-17 ga Janairu, 2022, guguwar guguwar ta faɗo har zuwa 55 cm (21.7 in) (a cikin sassan Scarborough) na dusar ƙanƙara da ta taru a cikin birni, ta gurgunta zirga-zirgar jama'a, tare da faɗowa yawancinta a safiyar ranar 17 ga Janairu. Yawan guguwar da aka yi a filin jirgin sama na Pearson ya kai 34.4 cm (13.5 cm)

A akasin haka, hunturu na 2011-12 yana da mafi ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara na yanayi tare da 41.8 cm (16.46 in) cm kawai (16.46 in). Maris 2012 ita ce Maris mafi zafi a rubuce. Mafi ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara shekara ta kalandar ita ce 2006, tare da kawai 32.4 cm (12.76 in) in). Lokacin hunturu mai karfi na El Niño na 2009-10 yana da ƙananan jimlar 52.4 cm (20.63 in) in), Maris 2010 ba a rubuta dusar ƙanƙara ba, irin wannan abin da ya faru na farko a kowane Maris tun 1946, kuma ya biyo bayan Afrilu mafi zafi da aka taɓa yin rikodin.

Yanayin yanayi na hunturu a Toronto na iya bambanta sosai daga shekara zuwa wata kuma yanayin yanayi na duniya kamar El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) yana da tasiri sosai. Lokacin hunturu na El Niño a gefen da ya raunana zuwa matsakaici yawanci ya fi sanyi ko ƙasa da matsakaici dangane da yanayin zafi (kamar hunturu na 1976-77, 1977-78 da 2014-15), tare da waɗanda suka fi karfi suna da sauƙi da kuma ɗumi fiye da yadda aka saba, tare da ruwan sama da ƙasa fiye da matsakaiciyar (kamar lokacin hunturu na 1997-98, 2009-10, 2015-16 da 2023-24), yayin da hunturu na La Niña suna da yawa sama da matsakaicin ruwan sama da yanayin zafi na 2012-16, ENSO Neutral shekaru sun fi rashin tabbas, kamar 2013-14, wanda shine mafi sanyi, mafi tsawo a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar kwanan nan.

Lokacin bazara

Jirgin ruwa a kusa da Tsibirin Toronto. Tafiya zuwa tsibirin sanannen aikin bazara ne a cikin birni.

Matsakaicin yanayin zafi yawanci yana kewayo daga 23 zuwa 31 °C (73 zuwa 88 °F) tare da matsakaici zuwa babban zafi, kusanci zuwa tafkin Ontario da sauran tafkuna suna ba da gudummawa ga zafi na bazara amma maɓuɓɓuga masu nisa kamar Gulf of Mexico kuma suna haifar da hakan. Jirgin jirgin ƙasa mai zafi zai iya motsawa da kyau a arewacin yankin a tsakiyar lokacin rani ya rinjayi mafi yawa ta ƙarfin ƙarfi da matsayi na Bermu na Arewacin Amurka. lokacin rani, tasiri ne mai rinjaye. Tasirin tasirin tafkin ya bambanta sosai dangane da wurin da ke cikin birni da ƙarfi da jagorar iskar da ke cikin gida, bambancin yanayin zafin ruwa da magudanar ruwa saboda yanayin kwanan nan, mafi girman tasirin tasirin tsibiran Toronto da kuma kan gabar tafkin nan da nan, kamar a cikin The Beaches da Scarborough Bluffs, saboda haka kalmar "mai sanyaya ta tafkin". Wannan ba shi da wani tasiri a yankunan yamma da arewa maso yammacin birnin. Zazzabi sama da 32 °C (90 °F) yana faruwa akan matsakaita kwana bakwai a kowace shekara (ana bayyana kwanaki uku a jere na irin wannan yanayin a matsayin zafin rana, wanda ke faruwa a yawancin lokacin rani amma matsakaicin ba ya wuce 38 °C (100 °F), wanda ya faru a ƙarshe a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2011). Koyaya, haɗe tare da babban zafi, ƙimar humidex na iya tashi da kyau sama da 40 °C (104 °F) yayin waɗannan abubuwan zafi, suna haifar da rashin jin daɗi. Yanayin zafin dare gabaɗaya yana shawagi kusa da 20 °C (68 °F) a cikin birni amma lokacin zafi yana kasancewa kusa da 25 °C (77 °F). Yanayin zafi na lokacin rani yawanci ana karyewa ta hanyar sanyaya, lokacin bushewa wanda zai iya zama

Hadari kuma yana faruwa ne na yau da kullun kuma yana iya tashi da sauri, musamman yamma da arewacin birnin a yankunan da suka fi dacewa da "bayar da iska a gaban tafkin" ko "bayarwar da aka yi amfani da ita", wanda ke da karfi, layin da aka bayyana sosai suna tasowa da sauri a lokacin rani da yamma a cikin ƙasa, wanda aka kara da bambancin yanayin iska tsakanin Great Lakes. Wadannan guguwa wani lokaci, amma ba koyaushe suna motsawa cikin birni ba wanda ke haifar da ambaliyar ruwa sakamakon ruwan sama mai yawa, walƙiya mai ƙarfi amma sau da yawa iska mai tsanani da ke rushe bishiyoyi da layin wutar lantarki.

Yanayi mai tsanani da rikodin

Baya ga guguwa dusar ƙanƙara, guguwar kankara, guguwa, abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama mai tsanani da ke da alaƙa da guguwar wurare masu zafi ko tsawa mai tsanani, gugujewa ba su da yawa amma suna faruwa, musamman a yankunan arewa da yamma. Wannan yanki yana zaune a gefen arewa maso gabashin "tortunado alley" inda guguwa ke faruwa tare da mafi yawan mitar kowane yanki a Kanada. Downtown Toronto, a gefe guda, gabaɗaya yana guje wa guguwar tornadic saboda iskar tafkin, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rushewar guguwa. An aika gargadi na guguwa ga birnin a wasu lokuta a farkon karni na 21, duk da haka, ba a tabbatar da wani tasiri a cikin iyakokin birni ba tun lokacin da guguwa mai rauni ya buge Scarborough a shekarar 1998. Guguwa biyu masu hadari na F2 sun sauka a makwabcin Vaughan a lokacin barkewar guguwa a ranar 20 ga Agusta, 2009. Wani iko mai karfi ya shafi birnin a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2022.

Toronto tana iya fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa saboda raƙuman ruwa da kwari daban-daban waɗanda zasu iya ambaliyar sauƙin, da kuma yawanci rashin ruwa saboda babban birni. Ambaliyar ruwa na iya haifar da ragowar guguwa ta wurare masu zafi, ruwan sama mai yawa tare da narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, ko tsawa na lokacin rani da aka dakatar da iyakokin iska na tafkin. Yankunan da ke ƙasa, kamar ƙananan kwarin Kogin Don, sune mafi yawan ambaliyar ruwa. Wannan sau da yawa yana haifar da rufewar Don Valley Parkway da GO Transit's Richmond Hill line. An gina baki na biyu don Kogin Don a farkon shekarun 2020 don rage ambaliyar ruwa a cikin Port Lands, ƙirƙirar tsibirin Ookwemin Minising, wanda zai sami ci gaban zama mai amfani da yawa.  

Weston Golf and Country Club ya kasance a cikin ruwa bayan Kogin Humber ya cika bankunan sa a lokacin Guguwar Hazel a shekara ta 1954.

Ragowar guguwar Hazel da ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 81 a watan Oktoban 1954 sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa da ta mamaye gidaje da ke gabar kogi zuwa tafkin Ontario. An yi imani da cewa ba zato ba tsammani a lokacin da aka yi tsawa mai karfi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jirgin Air France Flight 358 a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 2005. Bayan 'yan makonni baya a kan Agusta 19, wani ɓangare na fashewar mahaukaciyar guguwa a Kudancin Ontario, rikodin ruwan sama mai tsanani, mafi muni tun Hazel, ya mamaye yankunan arewa-tsakiya na birnin da kuma lalata yankin Arewacin York a cikin wani sa'o'i na Black Creek a cikin sa'o'i na Arewa ta Arewa. a rikodin inshora da'awar. Wasu ma'aunin ruwan sama sun yi rikodin 175 mm (7 in) na ruwan sama, sama da 100 mm (4 in) a cikin awa ɗaya kacal. Wani babban guguwar ruwan sama mai tsananin gaske, da yawan ruwan sama ya afku a fadin birnin a lokacin da ake tsaka da tsakar rana a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2013, ambaliyar da ta mamaye titunan birnin, ramukan jirgin karkashin kasa, dakunan karkashin kasa da kuma kashe wutar lantarki ga mazauna sama da miliyan biyu, masu ababen hawa da suka makale, wasu kuma sai an ceto wasu daga cikin jirgin da ya nutse. An saita rikodin ruwan sama na yau da kullun na 126.4 mm (4.98 in) a Filin jirgin saman Pearson, mafi yawan faɗuwa cikin sa'a ɗaya da rabi. Da'awar inshorar ambaliyar ruwa na iya zarce guguwar 2005 saboda wani yanki mai faɗi da abin ya shafa. A cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na 2017 da 2019, ruwan sama mai yawa tare da narke dusar ƙanƙara ya haifar da matakan ruwa na Lake Ontario don haɓaka matakan rikodin, ambaliya sassan tsibirin Toronto tare da rufe shi ga jama'a.

Mafi tsananin zafi a Toronto ya faru ne a shekara ta 1936, a lokacin zafi na wannan shekarar, lokacin da yanayin zafi a Toronto bai wuce 40 °C (104 °F) ° C (104 ° F) a cikin kwanaki uku a jere (Yuli 8-10), tare da yanayin zafi na dare bai fadi ƙasa da 25 °C (77 °F) ° C (77 ° F) ba. Birnin ba shi da kayan aiki a wannan lokacin don magance irin wannan matsanancin zafi, kuma bugun zafi ya yi ikirarin rayuka 225 a cikin birni, ba tare da ƙididdigar mutuwar kai tsaye daga dalilai kamar nutsewa ba. Watan da ya fi zafi da aka rubuta, duk da haka, shine Yuli 1921, lokacin da matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin gari ya kasance 31.2 °C (88.2 °F) ° C (88.2 ° F), tare da matsakaitan zafin jiki na 25.5 °C (77.9 °F) ° C (77.9 ° F), an daidaita wannan a watan Yulin 2020. A Filin jirgin saman Toronto Pearson International, matsakaicin matsakaicin kowane wata shine 31.2 °C (88.2 °F) ° C (88.2 ° F) a watan Yulin 1955, duk da haka mafi girman matsakaicin 25.0 °C (77.0 °F) ° C (77.0 ° F) an saita shi a watan Yunin 2020, rikodin ya fara ne a shekarar 1937. Mafi girman humidex (haɗewar ji na zafin jiki da zafi) ya kai 50.3 °C (122.5 °F) ° C (122.5 ° F) a filin jirgin sama a lokacin guguwar zafi ta Yuli 1995, cikin gari ya kai 51.2 °C (124.2 °F) ° C (124.2 ° F) ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2011, a lokacin gwagwarmayar zafi ta Arewacin Amurka ta 2011.

Mafi karancin zafin jiki mafi sanyi na -33 ° C (-27 ° F) an rubuta shi a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1859. Yawan zafin jiki mafi sanyi da aka rubuta a filin jirgin sama ya kasance -31.3 ° C (-24.3 ° F) a ranar 4 ga Janairu, 1981, kuma ruwan sanyi mafi sanyi da ake rubuta ya kasance -44.7 ° C (-48.5 ° F) akan wannan rana. Watan da ya fi sanyi gabaɗaya ya kasance -12.6 a filin jirgin sama a watan Fabrairu 2015 kuma a cikin gari a watan Fabirun 1875. Sauran sanannun raƙuman sanyi sun faru a cikin Janairu 1994 da Fabrairu 1934. Rashin sanyi na hunturu yana haifar da haɗari yayin da sau da yawa suna zuwa tare da iska mai ƙarfi, suna barin mutanen da ba su da gida a cikin gari suna da matukar damuwa ga sanyi da hypothermia.

Yanayin zafin jiki

Dangane da bayanan jama'a da muhalli da canjin yanayi na Kanada suka bayar, matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara ya karu da 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) ° C (2.7 ° F) a Filin jirgin saman Pearson a tsawon shekaru 30. Idan aka kwatanta da al'ada na shekaru talatin daga 1971 zuwa 2000, yawancin wannan karuwar ya faru da dare: matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki ya kasance 1.9 °C (3.4 °F) ° C (3.4 ° F) mafi girma. Matsakaicin ruwan sama a wannan lokacin ya kasance kusa da matsakaicin lokacin da ya gabata, dusar ƙanƙara ta ragu ne kawai tare da ruwan sama mafi girma. Dangane da saman: Disamba, Satumba, Yuli da Janairu sun ga mafi girman matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki. Wani ɓangare na wannan dumama mai yiwuwa an danganta shi da karuwar ci gaban birane da ke kewaye da filin jirgin sama.

Wani binciken da aka gudanar a cikin shekarun 1990s ya bincika tasirin tsibirin zafi idan aka kwatanta bayanai daga tashoshin yanki da aka zaɓa, gami da Downtown Toronto da Filin jirgin saman Pearson, ya isa ga babban yanki na iyakokin birni kafin 1998 da sassa na Etobicoke don samun bambancin yanayin yanayi na Köppen daga yankin da ke kewaye.

Yanayin ƙasa

Taswirar taswirar Toronto tare da grid arewa a saman

Kogin Rouge da kwarinsa a Rouge National Urban Park a cikin 2014. Kwarin Rouge yana daya daga cikin tuddai da kwari da yawa a yankin da aka sassaƙa a lokacin Last Glacial Period .

Grenadier Pond a cikin High Park ya daskare a watan Janairun 2015

Toronto tana da tuddai da kwari da yawa waɗanda aka sassaƙa a lokacin Ice Age na ƙarshe. Rashin yafi yawanci ba a inganta shi ba, da farko sakamakon Guguwar Hazel a cikin 1954 da kuma dokokin da suka biyo baya da suka hana ci gaba a kan ambaliyar ruwa.

Wani Mahimman fasalin yanayin yanayi shine tsohon bakin tekun Glacial Lake Iroquois, wanda aka sani da Filin Iroquois.  Filayen ya ƙunshi galibin yashi da ɓarkewar shale kuma a hankali ya gangara kusan kilomita 3-4 (1.9-2.5 mi) arewa daga tafkin Ontario.  Hanyar Davenport galibi tana gudana tare da kasan tsohon bakin teku tsakanin Dupont Street zuwa gabas da Symington Avenue.  Filin Iroquois ya haɗu da tafkin Ontario a Scarborough Bluffs inda zaizayar ƙasa da magudanar ruwa na tafkin Ontario suka kwashe yashi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Toronto don samar da tsibiran Toronto.  Sama da Filin Iroquois, hoton saman ya ƙunshi fasali biyu: Dutsen Kudu da Filin kwasfa.  Dusar ƙanƙara ta Kudu ita ce ɓangaren kudu na moraine mai tsaka-tsaki na Oak Ridges Moraine.  Dusar ƙanƙara ta Kudu tana da gangara mai laushi kuma kuma tana da ɗanɗano ɗigon ruwa kamar yadda shigar ruwa ya yi ƙasa kaɗan.  Filayen Peel galibi yumbu ne kuma gabaɗaya ya fi na Kudanci.  Kutsawar ruwa kuma ba ta da yawa.[A tarihi, Filin Peel da gangaren Kudu an yi la'akari da su a matsayin filayen noma masu inganci, sabanin Filin Iroquois, wanda yake da yashi sosai.  Yanzu waɗannan yankunan sun zama birni sosai.

Dukansu Dufferin Street da Caledonia Road tsakanin Davenport Road da Eglinton Avenue, a cikin Gundumar York, suna gudana a kan tuddai da kwari da yawa kuma unguwar a wannan yanki ana kiranta Fairbank. Fairbank da Silverthorn zuwa yamma galibi ana kwatanta su da tuddai da yawa da suka hada da San Francisco. Koyaya, sassan tuddai da kwari sun ɗan daidaita don Layin Barrie na GO Transit wanda ke gudana ta wannan yanki.

Hanyar Vaughan tana gudana daidai da Castle Frank Brook da aka binne zuwa arewa maso gabas.

An rarraba Kogin Don a matsayin kogi mara kyau, saboda kogin a halin yanzu ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kwarin da ya fi faɗi da zurfi. Haka yake ga Kogin Humber, Kogin Rouge, da ƙananan hanyoyin ruwa na Toronto.

Grenadier Pond a gefen yammacin High Park shine mafi girman ruwa a cikin iyakokin birnin Toronto. A lokacin hunturu, ya zama filin wasan motsa jiki na halitta. Tsohon Tsarin Kogin Laurentian na karkashin kasa yana da bakinsa a ƙarƙashin High Park . Hanyar Spring a gefen gabas na High Park ta bi wannan kogi na karkashin kasa.

• Dabbobi na Toronto
• Jerin wuraren shakatawa a Toronto
• Itacen asali a Toronto
• Tsarin hanyar ruwa na Toronto