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vacca

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Vacca and vàcca

Corsican

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Una vacca (1.1)

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Latin vacca. Cognates include Italian vacca and Spanish vaca.

Noun

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vacca f (masculine toru, plural vacche)

  1. cow (female cattle)

Etymology 2

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Una vacca (2.1)
Una vacca (2.3)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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vacca f (plural vacche)

  1. red-black triplefin (Tripterygion tripteronotus)
  2. cline (Cristiceps argentatus)
  3. peacock blenny (Salaria pavo)

References

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  • “vacca” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Dalmatian

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Noun

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vacca f

  1. alternative form of vaca

Interlingua

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Noun

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vacca (plural vaccas)

  1. cow

Italian

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Latin vacca.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈvak.ka/
    • Audio (una vacca):(file)
    • Rhymes: -akka
    • Hyphenation: vàc‧ca

    Noun

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    vacca f (plural vacche, diminutive vaccarèlla or vaccherèlla or vacchétta or (rare) vacchìna or (rare) vacchicìna, augmentative (also with figurative derogatory meaning) vaccóna f or vaccóne m, pejorative vaccàccia (uncommon, often used figuratively as an insult), derogatory (rare) vaccùccia)

    1. cow
      Hyponym: mucca
    2. (vulgar, slang, figurative, derogatory) whore, slut

    Usage notes

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    • Because of the use as a derogatory term the synonym mucca (“milk-cow”) is sometimes preferred, even when not specifically referring to milk production.

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • → Alemannic German: Wagge

    See also

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    Further reading

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    • “vacca”, in Vocabolario Treccani on line (in Italian), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2026

    Latin

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    vacca (a cow)

    Etymology

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      Uncertain. It could be connected with Sanskrit वशा (vaśā),[1] perhaps suggesting a PIE form *weḱ-éh₂. However, this theory does not explain the /a/ in the Latin form.[2] Perhaps a Proto-Indo-European form *woḱéh₂ may also be reconstructed.[3][4] However, De Vaan argues that Latin /a/ only emerged from Proto-Italic /o/ in open syllables.[2]

      Alternatively, it may derive from a form *wākā and be connected to Sanskrit वाशति (vā́śati, “to roar”) and Latin vāgiō[5] Based on this connection, De Vaan postulates a root *weh₂- and proposes that the Latin term may have semantically evolved from a pre-form with a meaning akin to "the bellowing one."[2] Another possibility is that the term is related to the root Proto-Indo-European *weh₂g- (“to make a harsh sound”). However, in both proposals the origin of the consonant gemination (i.e. the <cc>) is disputed.[6]

      The classicist William F. Wyatt Jr. doubts the connection to Sanskrit वशा (vaśā), noting that—although the Sanskrit term can mean cow—it can also mean "barren". According to Wyatt, the differing meanings contradict a shared ancestor. Furthermore, Wyatt argues that it is unusual for Latin terms related to agriculture to have Sanskrit cognates, as—according to Wyatt—the majority of the shared vocabulary between the languages is related to religion or law. Moreover, Wyatt suggests that if the terms did originate from Proto-Indo-European, it is likely the common ancestor would only refer to female cattle. Wyatt considers it unusual for a Proto-Indo-European term to only refer to the members of a species belonging to a specific gender.[7]

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      vacca f (genitive vaccae); first declension

      1. cow (female cattle)
        Antonym: taurus
        Hypernyms: bōs, iuvencus, iūmenta, armenta
        • c. 41 BCE – 39 BCE, Vergilius, Eclogae 6.58–60:
          […] : forsitan illum [iuvencus]
          Aut herba captum viridi, aut armenta secutum,
          Perducant aliquae stabula ad Gortynia vaccae.
          […] : for yon green grass or the herd following, may kine [this bullock] to Gortynia's stables lead.

      Declension

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      First-declension noun.

      singular plural
      nominative vacca vaccae
      genitive vaccae vaccārum
      dative vaccae vaccīs
      accusative vaccam vaccās
      ablative vaccā vaccīs
      vocative vacca vaccae

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      References

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      1. ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017), “Agricultural terms in Indo-Iranian”, in Language Dispersal Beyond Farming‎[1], Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 277
      2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 649
      3. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 232: “*wok̂éha-”
      4. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*ṷok̂éh₂”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 135
      5. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1110-1111
      6. ^ Eugene Gottlieb (1931), “A Systematic Tabulation of Indo-European Animal Names: With Special Reference to Their Etymology and Semasiology”, in Language‎[2], volume 7, number 3, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 26-27
      7. ^ William F. Wyatt Jr (11 November 2016), Indo-European /a/‎[3], University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 34
      • “vacca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
      • “vacca”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • "vacca", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
      • “vacca”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
      • “vacca”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • “vacca”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

      Pali

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      Alternative forms

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      Alternative scripts

      Etymology

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      From Sanskrit वर्चस् (varcas, “excrement”).

      Noun

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      vacca n

      1. excrement

      Declension

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      Declension table of "vacca" (neuter)
      Case / NumberSingularPlural
      Nominative (first)vaccaṃvaccāni
      Accusative (second)vaccaṃvaccāni
      Instrumental (third)vaccenavaccehi or vaccebhi
      Dative (fourth)vaccassa or vaccāya or vaccatthaṃvaccānaṃ
      Ablative (fifth)vaccasmā or vaccamhā or vaccāvaccehi or vaccebhi
      Genitive (sixth)vaccassavaccānaṃ
      Locative (seventh)vaccasmiṃ or vaccamhi or vaccevaccesu
      Vocative (calling)vaccavaccāni

      References

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      • Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “vacca”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

      Portuguese

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      Noun

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      vacca f (plural vaccas)

      1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of vaca

      Romansh

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      Etymology

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      From Latin vacca.

      Noun

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      vacca f (plural vaccas)

      1. (Sursilvan) cow

      Alternative forms

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      Dialectal variants of this word
      Sursilvan vacca
      Putèr vacha
      Vallader
      Rumantsch Grischun vatga
      Surmiran
      Sutsilvan

      Sardinian

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      From Latin vacca.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈbakka/, /ˈvakka/ (in certain Nuorese towns)

      Noun

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      vacca

      1. cow

      Synonyms

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      Sicilian

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      Etymology

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      From Latin vacca.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈvak.ka/, [ˈva.kːa], [ˈβa.kːa]
      • Rhymes: -acca
      • Hyphenation: vàc‧ca

      Noun

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      vacca f (plural vacchi)

      1. cow
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