Confronting the evolution and expansion of anti-vaccine activism in the USA in the COVID-19 era

Richard M Carpiano¹, Timothy Callaghan², Renee DiResta³, Noel T Brewer⁴, Chelsea Clinton⁵, Alison P Galvani⁶, Rekha Lakshmanan⁷, Wendy E Parmet⁸, Saad B Omer⁹, Alison M Buttenheim¹⁰, Regina M Benjamin¹¹, Arthur Caplan¹², Jad A Elharake¹³, Lisa C Flowers¹⁴, Yvonne A Maldonado¹⁵, Michelle M Mello¹⁶, Douglas J Opel¹⁷, Daniel A Salmon¹⁸, Jason L Schwartz¹⁹, Joshua M Sharfstein²⁰, Peter J Hotez²¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. Electronic address: richard.carpiano@ucr.edu.
² Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
³ Stanford Internet Observatory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
⁴ Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
⁵ Clinton Foundation, New York, NY, USA; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
⁶ Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁷ The Immunization Partnership, Houston, TX, USA.
⁸ Center for Health Policy & Law, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
⁹ Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Institute of Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, and Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
¹¹ Gulf States Health Policy Center, Bayou La Batre, AL, USA.
¹² New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
¹³ Yale Institute of Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
¹⁵ Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Health Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹⁸ Institute for Vaccine Safety, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
²⁰ Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
²¹ Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs, Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.

PMID: 36871571
PMCID: PMC9981160
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00136-8

Review

Confronting the evolution and expansion of anti-vaccine activism in the USA in the COVID-19 era

Richard M Carpiano et al. Lancet. 2023.

. 2023 Mar 18;401(10380):967-970.

doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00136-8. Epub 2023 Mar 2.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. Electronic address: richard.carpiano@ucr.edu.
² Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
³ Stanford Internet Observatory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
⁴ Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
⁵ Clinton Foundation, New York, NY, USA; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
⁶ Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁷ The Immunization Partnership, Houston, TX, USA.
⁸ Center for Health Policy & Law, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
⁹ Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Institute of Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, and Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
¹¹ Gulf States Health Policy Center, Bayou La Batre, AL, USA.
¹² New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
¹³ Yale Institute of Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
¹⁵ Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Health Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹⁸ Institute for Vaccine Safety, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
²⁰ Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
²¹ Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs, Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.

PMID: 36871571
PMCID: PMC9981160
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00136-8

No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests The Lancet Commission on Vaccine Refusal, Acceptance, and Demand in the USA is cohosted by the Yale Institute for Global Health and the Baylor College of Medicine. All authors are Commissioners. PJH is a developer of a COVID-19 vaccine construct, which was licensed by Baylor College of Medicine to Biological E, a commercial vaccine manufacturer for scale-up, production, testing, and licensure. NTB reports personal fees from WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Sanofi, and Merck outside of the submitted work. RMC reports receiving research grant funding from Novo Nordisk Foundation (Denmark), outside of the submitted work. RL reports grants from Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi Pasteur, and Merck, and personal fees from BIO, outside of the submitted work. YAM is a member of a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Pfizer and is a site Principal Investigator for a Pfizer vaccine trial, outside the submitted work. MMM reports personal fees from law firms representing retail pharmacies, generic drug companies, and a health insurer that have sued branded drug companies for marketing and antitrust law violations, outside of the submitted work, and serves as an adviser to Verily Life Sciences on a mobile app designed to facilitate safe return to work and school during COVID-19. DJO reports grants from the US National Institutes of Health, outside the submitted work. DAS reports personal fees from Pfizer, Janssen, and Moderna, is on advisory boards and receives compensation from these companies for time attending meetings, and reports grants from Merck, outside of the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Comment in

Vaccination and the defence of democracy.
Albin RL. Albin RL. Lancet. 2024 Feb 10;403(10426):529. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01897-4. Lancet. 2024. PMID: 38341248 No abstract available.
Vaccination and the defence of democracy - Authors' reply.
Carpiano RM, Callahan T, Elharake JA, Hotez P; Lancet Commission on Vaccine Hesitancy, Acceptance, and Demand in the United States. Carpiano RM, et al. Lancet. 2024 Feb 10;403(10426):529-530. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01895-0. Lancet. 2024. PMID: 38341249 No abstract available.

References

1. DiResta R, Lotan G. Wired; June 8, 2015. Anti-vaxxers are using Twitter to manipulate a vaccine bill.https://www.wired.com/2015/06/antivaxxers-influencing-legislation/
1. Haltinner K, Sarathchandra D. Tea Party health narratives and belief polarization: the journey to killing grandma. AIMS Public Health. 2017;4:557–578. - PMC - PubMed
1. Kupferschmidt K. Why Texas is becoming a major antivaccine battlefield. Science. Dec 1, 2016 https://www.science.org/content/article/why-texas-becoming-major-antivac...
1. Hotez PJ. Texas and its measles epidemics. PLoS Med. 2016;13 - PMC - PubMed
1. Lakshmanan R, Sabo MA. Lessons from the front line: advocating for vaccine policies at the Texas Capitol during turbulent times. J Appl Res Child. 2019;2019:10.

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Confronting the evolution and expansion of anti-vaccine activism in the USA in the COVID-19 era

Affiliations

Confronting the evolution and expansion of anti-vaccine activism in the USA in the COVID-19 era

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

Comment in

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Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

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Medical