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Manoko

Go tswa ko Wikipedia

Manoko (Arachis hypogaea), e e itsegeng gape ka leina la matonkomane, goober[1] (US, via Kikongo),[2] goober pea,[3] pindar (US, via Kikongo) [2]kgotsa nawa ya Kgabo (UK), ke sejalo sa lesika la nawa se se jalwang segolo thata ka ntlha ya dipeo tsa sone tse di jewang, tse di fitlhelwang mo teng ga dikutu tsa ka fa tlase ga mmu. E jalwa ka bophara kwa dikgaolong tsa boboatsatsi le tsa kwa tlase ga boboatsatsi ke bantshakuno ba bagwebi ba bannye le ba bagolo, ka bobedi jaaka mabele a dithoro[4] le jaaka dijalo tsa oli.[5] Go ntsha maungo ka fa tlase ga lefatshe (geocarpy) ga go a tlwaelega gareng ga dithoro, se se dirileng gore Carl Linnaeus a bitse mofuta ono hypogaea, go tswa mo Segerikeng 'ka fa tlase ga lefatshe'.[6]

Matonkomane a tswa mo lelapeng la dimela tse di thunyang Fabaceae (kgotsa Leguminosae), le le itsegeng thata jaaka lelapa la dinawa,[1]mme a tlholega kwa Amerika Borwa. Fela jaaka dipeo tse dingwe tse dintsi, matonkomane a na le dibakateria tse di dirang gore go nne le naeterojene mo medung ya one, e leng se se dirang gore mmu o ungwe, mme seno se dira gore di nne le mosola fa go jalwa dijalo tse dingwe. Batho bangwe ga ba kgone go ja matonkomane mme ba ka nna ba swa.

Dilo tse di jewang di akaretsa oli ya matonkomane le botoro ya matonkomane. Didirisiwa tse di dirisiwang mo madirelong di akaretsa pente, varnish le polish ya fanitšhara e e dirilweng ka oli ya matonkomane. Dithunya tsa dimela tseno di dirisediwa go dira silage, fa dijo tsa oilcake tsone di dirisediwa go fepa diphologolo le go nna menontsha. menate ya manoko a dirisiwa kwa Latin America le kwa Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia, fa kwa kontinenteng ya India, di tsenngwa mo disalateng le mo dijong tse di apeilweng. Kwa Amerika Bokone, matonkomane a dirisiwa go dira dimonamone, dikuku le dibisikiti, fa botoro ya matonkomane yone e jewa thata.

Arachis hypogaea e ne ya tlhalosiwa ke Carl Linnaeus mo bukeng ya gagwe ya Species Plantarum ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano le boraro.[7] Ke semela sa ngwaga le ngwaga sa setlhatsana se se golang ka boleele jwa disentimetara di le masome a mararo go ya go di le masome a matlhano. [8] Ke ya lelapa la botanical Fabaceae, gape le itsiwe jaaka Leguminosae, mme gantsi le itsiwe jaaka legume, dinawa, kgotsa lelapa la dinawa.[9] Fela jaaka dinawa tse dingwe, matonkomane a na le dibaketeria tse di tshwaraganyang naeterojene mo meding ya one.[10]

Matlhare a a lebaganeng mme a na le dipampiri di le nne (dipara di le pedi tse di lebaganeng; ga go na pampiri e e felelang); pampiri nngwe le nngwe e boleele jwa centemetara go ya go tse supa le bophara jwa centemetara go ya go tse tharo. Fela jaaka dipeo tse dingwe tse dintsi, matlhare a na le mokgwa wa go "robala"; ke gore, a a "robala", a a tswalang bosigo. [11]Dithunya tsa teng di boleele jwa dicentimetara go ya go metara le sephatlo, mme di mmala wa namune o o serolwana o o nang le methapo e e serolwana. [12] [8]Di tsholwa ka ditlhopha tsa di-axillary mo dikaleng.[9]

  1. 1 2 USDA GRIN Taxonomy, archived from the original on September 18, 2016, retrieved June 29, 2016
  2. 1 2 Domonoske, Camila (April 20, 2014). "A Legume With Many Names: The Story Of 'Goober'". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020.
  3. Beattie, H. R. (1911). "Farmer's Bulletin No. 431". USDA National Agricultural Library. The peanut is known under the local names of 'goober', 'goober pea', 'pindar', 'ground pea', and 'groundnut'. The names 'goober' and 'goober pea' are more properly applied to an allied species having no true stem and only one pea in each pod which has been introduced and is frequently found growing wild in the Gulf Coast States.
  4. Hymowitz, Theodore (1990). "Grain Legumes". In Janick, J.; Simon, J. E. (eds.). Advances in new crops. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 54–57. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
  5. Oil crops for the production of advanced biofuels". European Biofuels Technology Platform. Archived from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  6. "hypogeal". Collins. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2026. from Greek hupogeios, from hypo- + gē earth
  7. "Arachis hypogaea L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on April 21, 2025. Retrieved February 6, 2026.
  8. 1 2 Putnam, D.H., et al. (1991) Peanut Tempolete:Webarchive. University of Wisconsin-Extension Cooperative Extension: Alternative Field Crops Manual.
  9. 1 2 Arachis hypogaea (L.)". The World Flora Online. World Flora Consortium. 2024. Archived from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  10. Bouznif, Besma; Boukherissa, Amira; Jaszczyszyn, Yan; Mars, Mohamed; Timchenko, Tatiana; Shykoff, Jacqui A.; Alunni, Benoît (June 11, 2024). "Complete and circularized genome sequences of five nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium sp. strains isolated from root nodules of peanut, Arachis hypogaea , cultivated in Tunisia". Microbiology Resource Announcements. 13 (6) e01078-23. doi:10.1128/mra.01078-23. PMC 11237496. PMID 38747611.
  11. Meng, Zhao (June 27, 2024). "The Anatomical Basis and Molecular Mechanism of Arachis Hypogaea Nyctinastic Movement". SSRN. SSRN 4873031. Archived from the original on August 12, 2025. Retrieved August 11, 2025.
  12. Krapovickas, Antonio; Gregory, Walton C. (2007). "Taxonomy of the genus Arachis (Leguminosae)" (PDF). IBONE. 16 (Supl.). Translated by David E. Williams and Charles E. Simpson: 1–205. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.