Incwadi
Incwadi amaphepha abhaliwe amaningi nahlanganisiwe enziwa umqulu, nokuyinto efundwayo[1]. Ziningi izincwadi emhlabeni, futhi incwadi ibhaliwa ngumuntu, ngakho ke uma umuntu eloba ngaphakathi kwebhuku bhuku, lelo bhuku libizwa ngokuthi yincwadi, ngenxa yokuthi kumobhalo nokuyiwona ofundwayo noqukethe ulwazi. Zikhona izincwadi ezingabhalwanga lutho ezimele umuntu ukuthi azibhale. Incwadi noma izincwadi zibaluleke kakhulu kubantu ngoba yizona eziletha imfundiso kithina, imfundiso yamandulo leyo abantu abaningi abayikhohliwe. Izincwadi zisebenza njengendawo yokulondoloza imiqondo kanye namacebo wabantu. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa emva kweminyaka[2].
Izincwadi ziqukethwe umlando wabantu, imfundiso, amakhono, amagugu kanye nokunye okuningi. Thina singabantu ngeke sikwazi ukugcina konke esikwaziyo ezinqondweni ngoba sizokukhohlwa. Izinto eziningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziyashintsha kodwa ulwazi olubhalwe encwadini alushintshi, ludluliseka kalula kubantu. Izinkondlo zika Zulu zigcinwa ngaphakathi kwezincwadi.
Incwadi ngumsebenzi obhaliwe omude owenziwe ngumbhali oyedwa noma ngaphezulu. Le misebenzi ingatholakala ngezindlela eziningi njengezincwadi eziprintiwe, izincwadi ezilalelwayo, kanye nezincwadi zikagesi ezibizwa ngama-ebook.
Leli gama lingase futhi libhekisele entweni ephathekayo noma ye-elekthronikhi equkethe lowo msebenzi. Izincwadi zanamuhla zivame ukuprintwa ngendlela yekhodeksi, eyakhiwe ngamakhasi amaningi aboshwe ndawonye futhi avikelwe yikhava. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kabanzi komshini wokunyathelisa wanamuhla, ama-khodiksi ayesetshenziselwa ukwenza imibhalo yesandla ebhalwe ngesandla. Imidiya yokubhala endala ihlanganisa imiqulu namathebulethi obumba.
Inqubo yokushicilela incwadi wuchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezihilelekile ekudalweni nasekusatshalalisweni kwayo, ngokuvamile eyenziwa yinkampani yokushicilela yezentengiselwano. Imboni yokushicilela isanda kubona izinguquko ezinkulu ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha, okuhlanganisa ama-ebook nama-audiobook, okungukurekhodwa kwezincwadi ezifundwa ngokuzwakalayo. Ukuqwashisa ngezidingo zabantu abanokukhubazeka kokuphrinta kuholele ekwenyukeni kwamafomethi okushicilela afinyelelekayo njengokuphrinta nge-braille nezinhlelo zamaphrinti amakhulu. I-Google Books yalinganisela ngo-2010 ukuthi cishe izincwadi ezihlukile eziyizigidi ezingu-130 sezishicilelwe.
Umlando nokusetshenziswa
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Incwadi ingumthombo obalulekile wolwazi nosetshenziswa ukugcina ulwazi lwesintu. Umlando wencwadi uqala emandulo, ngesikhathi abantu besebenzisa amatshe ukubhala ngezinto abazenzayo, izimo abadlula kuzo, ukugcina umlando namasiko.
Umlando wezincwadi waba isiyalo esaziwayo sezemfundo ngeminyaka yawo-1980[3]. Umbhalo oqukethwe encwadini, ungumzila wokuxhumana phakathi kwabafundi namagama. Ukuhlaziywa kwengxenye ngayinye yencwadi kungadalula injongo yayo, ukuthi yayigcinwe kuphi futhi kanjani, yafundwa ubani, izinkolelo, imobono, nezenkolo zangaleso sikhathi, nokuthi abafundi bayawusebenzisa umbhalo nolwazi olutholakala ngaphakathi. Ukuntuleka kobufakazi kungashiya imikhondo ebalulekile mayelana nesimo sencwadi ethile.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwabakhona izincwadi nokungamaphepha abhaliwe nahlanganisa ulwazi, izindaba, nemibono ehlukene. Izincwadi zisiza ekudluliseni ulwazi, ezikoleni basebenzisa izincwadi ukufundisa ngomlando nokwethula izindaba ezijabulisayo.
Imithombo yolwazi
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ Kovač, Miha; Phillips, Angus; van der Weel, Adriaan; Wischenbart, Ruediger (2019-09-01). "What is a Book?". Publishing Research Quarterly (in i-English). 35 (3): 313–326. doi:10.1007/s12109-019-09665-5. ISSN 1936-4792.
- ↑ "What is a PDF Book? Everything You Need to Know About PDF Files from PDF Drive". Robotics & Automation News (in i-English). 2022-11-21. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2025-07-09.
- ↑ "The Books of the Century, 1980-1989". www.ocf.berkeley.edu. Archived from the original on 2025-04-05. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2025-07-09.
