June 2
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June 2 is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 212 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 260 – Sima Zhao's regicide of Cao Mao: The figurehead Wei emperor Cao Mao personally leads an attempt to oust his regent, Sima Zhao; the attempted coup is crushed and the emperor killed.[1]
- 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.[2]
- 575 – Pope Benedict I is consecrated after obtaining imperial approval from Constantinople.[3]
- 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later.[4]
- 1259 – Wedding of Manfred, King of Sicily, and Byzantine princess Helena Angelina Doukaina.[5]
1601–1900
[edit]- 1608 – The Colony of Virginia gets a charter, extending borders from "sea to sea".[6]
- 1615 – The first Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France.[7]
- 1676 – Franco-Dutch War: France ensures the supremacy of its naval fleet for the remainder of the war with its victory in the Battle of Palermo.[8]
- 1692 – Bridget Bishop is the first person to be tried for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts; she is found guilty the same day and hanged on June 10.[9]
- 1763 – Pontiac's Rebellion: At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison's attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort.[10]
- 1774 – Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act of 1774 is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided.[11]
- 1780 – The anti-Catholic Gordon Riots in London leave an estimated 300 to 700 people dead.[12]
- 1793 – French Revolution: François Hanriot, leader of the Parisian National Guard, arrests 22 Girondists selected by Jean-Paul Marat, setting the stage for the Reign of Terror.[13]
- 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: A Franco-Spanish fleet recaptures from the British the island of Diamond Rock, which guards the entrance to the bay leading to Fort-de-France, Martinique.[14]
- 1848 – The Slavic Congress opens in Prague.[15]
- 1866 – The Fenians defeat Canadian forces at Ridgeway and Fort Erie, but the raids end soon after.
- 1878 - Nobiling assassination attempt by anarchist Karl Nobiling targeting the German Kaiser, Wilhelm I.[16]
- 1896 – Guglielmo Marconi applies for a patent for his wireless telegraph.
1901–present
[edit]- 1909 – Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
- 1910 – Charles Rolls, a co-founder of Rolls-Royce Limited, becomes the first man to make a non-stop double crossing of the English Channel by plane.
- 1919 – Anarchists simultaneously set off bombs in eight separate U.S. cities.
- 1924 – U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs the Indian Citizenship Act into law, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States.
- 1941 – World War II: German paratroopers murder Greek civilians in the villages of Kondomari and Alikianos.
- 1946 – Birth of the Italian Republic: In a referendum, Italians vote to turn Italy from a monarchy into a Republic. After the referendum, King Umberto II of Italy is exiled.
- 1953 – The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey becomes the first British coronation,[17] and one of the first major international events, to be televised.[18]
- 1955 – The USSR and Yugoslavia sign the Belgrade declaration and thus normalize relations between the two countries, discontinued since 1948.[19]
- 1958 – Aeronaves de México Flight 111 crashes on approach to Guadalajara International Airport, killing 45.[20]
- 1962 – During the FIFA World Cup, police intervene multiple times in fights between Chilean and Italian players in one of the most violent games in football history.
- 1964 – The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is formed.[21]
- 1966 – Surveyor program: Surveyor 1 lands in Oceanus Procellarum on the Moon, becoming the first U.S. spacecraft to soft-land on another world.
- 1967 – Luis Monge is executed in Colorado's gas chamber, in the last pre-Furman execution in the United States.
- 1967 – Protests in West Berlin against the arrival of the Shah of Iran are brutally suppressed, during which Benno Ohnesorg is killed by a police officer. His death results in the founding of the terrorist group 2 June Movement.
- 1979 – Pope John Paul II starts his first official visit to his native Poland, becoming the first Pope to visit a Communist country.
- 1983 – After an emergency landing because of an in-flight fire, twenty-three passengers aboard Air Canada Flight 797 are killed when a flashover occurs as the plane's doors open. Because of this incident, numerous new safety regulations are put in place.
- 1990 – The Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak spawns 66 confirmed tornadoes in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, killing 12.
- 1997 – In Denver, Timothy McVeigh is convicted on 11 counts of murder and conspiracy for his role in the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, in which 168 people died. He was executed four years later.
- 1998 – Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on STS-91, the final mission of the Shuttle-Mir program.[22]
- 2003 – Europe launches its first voyage to another planet, Mars. The European Space Agency's Mars Express probe launches from the Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan.
- 2010 – Twelve people are killed and eleven others injured in a spree shooting in Cumbria, England, before the perpetrator takes his own life.[23]
- 2012 – Former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak is sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in the killing of demonstrators during the 2011 Egyptian revolution.
- 2014 – Telangana officially becomes the 29th state of India, formed from ten districts of northwestern Andhra Pradesh.
- 2022 – Following a request from Ankara, the United Nations officially changes the name of the Republic of Turkey in the organization from what was previously known as "Turkey" to "Türkiye".[24]
- 2023 – A collision between two passenger trains and a parked freight train near the city of Balasor, Odisha in eastern India, results in 296 deaths and more than 1,200 people injured.[25]
Births
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 1305 – Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, ruler of Ilkhanate (died 1335)
- 1423 – Ferdinand I of Naples (died 1494)[26]
- 1489 – Charles, Duke of Vendôme (died 1537)[27]
- 1535 – Pope Leo XI (died 1605)[28]
1601–1900
[edit]- 1602 – Rudolf Christian, Count of East Frisia, Ruler of East Frisia (died 1628)
- 1621 – Rutger von Ascheberg, Courland-born soldier in Swedish service (died 1693)[29]
- 1621 – (baptized) Isaac van Ostade, Dutch painter (died 1649)[30]
- 1638 – Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon (died 1709)
- 1644 – William Salmon, English medical writer (died 1713)
- 1731 – Martha Washington, First Lady of the United States (died 1802)[31]
- 1739 – Jabez Bowen, American colonel and politician, 45th Deputy Governor of Rhode Island (died 1815)
- 1740 – Marquis de Sade, French philosopher and politician (died 1814)
- 1743 – Alessandro Cagliostro, Italian occultist and explorer (died 1795)
- 1773 – John Randolph of Roanoke, American planter and politician, 8th United States Ambassador to Russia (died 1833)
- 1774 – William Lawson, English-Australian explorer and politician (died 1850)
- 1813 – Daniel Pollen, Irish-New Zealand politician, 9th Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1896)
- 1823 – Gédéon Ouimet, Canadian lawyer and politician, 2nd Premier of Quebec (died 1905)
- 1835 – Pope Pius X (died 1914)
- 1838 – Duchess Alexandra Petrovna of Oldenburg (died 1900)
- 1840 – Thomas Hardy, English novelist and poet (died 1928)
- 1840 – Émile Munier, French artist (died 1895)
- 1857 – Edward Elgar, English composer and educator (died 1934)
- 1857 – Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1919)
- 1861 – Concordia Selander, Swedish actress and manager (died 1935)
- 1863 – Felix Weingartner, Croatian-Austrian pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1942)
- 1865 – George Lohmann, English cricketer (died 1901)
- 1865 – Adelaide Casely-Hayford, Sierra Leone Creole advocate and activist for cultural nationalism (died 1960)[32]
- 1866 – Jack O'Connor, American baseball player and manager (died 1937)[33]
- 1875 – Charles Stewart Mott, American businessman and politician, 50th Mayor of Flint, Michigan (died 1973)
- 1878 – Wallace Hartley, English violinist and bandleader (died 1912)
- 1881 – Walter Egan, American golfer (died 1971)
- 1891 – Thurman Arnold, American lawyer and judge (died 1969)
- 1891 – Takijirō Ōnishi, Japanese admiral and pilot (died 1945)
- 1893 – Maire Comerford, Irish Republican (died 1982)[34]
- 1899 – Lotte Reiniger, German animator and director (died 1981)
- 1899 – Edwin Way Teale, American environmentalist and photographer (died 1980)
1901–present
[edit]- 1904 – Frank Runacres, English painter and educator (died 1974)
- 1904 – Johnny Weissmuller, Hungarian-American swimmer and actor (died 1984)
- 1907 – Dorothy West, American journalist and author (died 1998)
- 1907 – John Lehmann, English poet and publisher (died 1987)
- 1910 – Hector Dyer, American sprinter (died 1990)
- 1911 – Joe McCluskey, American runner (died 2002)[35]
- 1913 – Barbara Pym, English author (died 1980)[36]
- 1913 – Elsie Tu, English-Hong Kong educator and politician (died 2015)
- 1915 – Alexandru Nicolschi, Romanian spy (died 1992)
- 1915 – Lester del Rey, American science fiction author (died 1993)[37]
- 1917 – Heinz Sielmann, German photographer and director (died 2006)
- 1918 – Ruth Atkinson, Canadian-American illustrator (died 1997)
- 1918 – Kathryn Tucker Windham, American journalist and author (died 2011)
- 1920 – Frank G. Clement, American lawyer and politician, 41st Governor of Tennessee (died 1969)
- 1920 – Yolande Donlan, American-English actress (died 2014)
- 1920 – Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Polish-German author and critic (died 2013)
- 1920 – Tex Schramm, American businessman (died 2003)
- 1920 – Johnny Speight, English screenwriter and producer (died 1998)
- 1921 – Betty Freeman, American photographer and philanthropist (died 2009)
- 1921 – Ernie Royal, American trumpet player (died 1983)
- 1921 – Sigmund Sternberg, Hungarian-English businessman and philanthropist (died 2016)
- 1921 – András Szennay, Hungarian priest (died 2012)
- 1922 – Juan Antonio Bardem, Spanish director and screenwriter (died 2002)
- 1921 – Clair Patterson, American geochemist, determined age of the earth, discovered ubiquitous lead poisoning (died 1995)[38]
- 1922 – Charlie Sifford, American professional golfer (died 2015)[39]
- 1922 – Carmen Silvera, Canadian-English actress (died 2002)
- 1923 – Lloyd Shapley, American mathematician and economist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2016)
- 1924 – June Callwood, Canadian journalist, author, and activist (died 2007)
- 1926 – Chiyonoyama Masanobu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 41st Yokozuna (died 1977)
- 1926 – Milo O'Shea, Irish-American actor (died 2013)
- 1927 – W. Watts Biggers, American author, screenwriter, and animator (died 2013)
- 1927 – Colin Brittan, English footballer (died 2013)[40]
- 1928 – Erzsi Kovács, Hungarian singer (died 2014)
- 1928 – Ron Reynolds, English footballer (died 1999)[41]
- 1929 – Norton Juster, American architect, author, and academic (died 2021)
- 1929 – Ken McGregor, Australian tennis player (died 2007)
- 1930 – Pete Conrad, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (died 1999)
- 1933 – Sasao Gouland, governor of Chuuk State, Micronesia (died 2011)[42]
- 1933 – Lew "Sneaky Pete" Robinson, drag racer (died 1971)[43]
- 1935 – Carol Shields, American-Canadian novelist and short story writer (died 2003)
- 1935 – Dimitri Kitsikis, Greek poet and educator (died 2021)
- 1936 – Volodymyr Holubnychy, Ukrainian race walker (died 2021)
- 1937 – Rosalyn Higgins, English lawyer and judge[44]
- 1937 – Sally Kellerman, American actress (died 2022)[45]
- 1937 – Jimmy Jones, American singer-songwriter (died 2012)
- 1937 – Robert Paul, Canadian figure skater and choreographer
- 1937 – Deric Washburn, American screenwriter and playwright
- 1938 – Kevin Brownlow, English historian and author
- 1938 – George William Penrose, Lord Penrose, Scottish lawyer and judge
- 1939 – Charles Miller, American musician (died 1980)
- 1939 – John Schlee, American golfer (died 2000)
- 1940 – Constantine II of Greece (died 2023)[46]
- 1941 – Stacy Keach, American actor
- 1941 – Lou Nanne, Canadian-American ice hockey player and manager
- 1941 – Irène Schweizer, Swiss jazz pianist (died 2024)[47]
- 1941 – Charlie Watts, English drummer, songwriter, and producer (died 2021)[48]
- 1942 – Mike Ahern, Australian politician, 32nd Premier of Queensland (died 2023)
- 1943 – Ivi Eenmaa, Estonian politician, 36th Mayor of Tallinn[49]
- 1943 – Charles Haid, American actor and director
- 1943 – Crescenzio Sepe, Italian cardinal
- 1944 – Robert Elliott, American actor (died 2004)
- 1944 – Marvin Hamlisch, American composer and conductor (died 2012)
- 1945 – Richard Long, English painter, sculptor, and photographer
- 1945 – Bonnie Newman, American businesswoman and politician
- 1946 – Lasse Hallström, Swedish director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1946 – Peter Sutcliffe, English serial killer (died 2020)[50]
- 1948 – Jerry Mathers, American actor
- 1949 – Heather Couper, English astronomer and physicist (died 2020)
- 1949 – Frank Rich, American journalist and critic
- 1950 – Joanna Gleason, Canadian actress and singer
- 1950 – Momčilo Vukotić, Serbian footballer and manager (died 2021)
- 1951 – Gilbert Baker, American artist, gay rights activist, and designer of the rainbow flag (died 2017)[51]
- 1951 – Arnold Mühren, Dutch footballer and manager
- 1951 – Larry Robinson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1951 – Alexander Wylie, Lord Kinclaven, Scottish lawyer, judge, and educator
- 1952 – Gary Bettman, American sports executive, 14th Commissioner of the National Hockey League
- 1953 – Vidar Johansen, Norwegian saxophonist
- 1953 – Craig Stadler, American golfer
- 1953 – Cornel West, American philosopher, author, and academic
- 1954 – Dennis Haysbert, American actor and producer
- 1955 – Dana Carvey, American comedian and actor
- 1955 – Nandan Nilekani, Indian businessman, co-founded Infosys
- 1955 – Mani Ratnam, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1955 – Michael Steele, American singer-songwriter and bass player
- 1956 – Jan Lammers, Dutch race car driver
- 1957 – Mark Lawrenson, English footballer and manager
- 1958 – Lex Luger, American wrestler and football player
- 1959 – Rineke Dijkstra, Dutch photographer
- 1959 – Lydia Lunch, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
- 1960 – Olga Bondarenko, Russian runner
- 1960 – Tony Hadley, English singer-songwriter and actor
- 1960 – Kyle Petty, American race car driver and sportscaster
- 1962 – Mark Plaatjes, South African-American runner and coach
- 1963 – Anand Abhyankar, Indian actor (died 2012)
- 1964 – Caroline Link, German director and screenwriter
- 1965 – Mark Waugh, Australian cricketer and journalist
- 1965 – Steve Waugh, Australian cricketer
- 1966 – Dayana Cadeau, Haitian born Canadian-American professional bodybuilder[52][53]
- 1966 – Candace Gingrich, American activist[54]
- 1966 – Pedro Guerra, Spanish singer-songwriter
- 1966 – Catherine King, Australian politician[55]
- 1966 – Petra van Staveren, Dutch swimmer
- 1967 – Remigija Nazarovienė, Lithuanian heptathlete and coach
- 1967 – Mike Stanton, American baseball player
- 1967 – Nadhim Zahawi, British politician[56]
- 1968 – Merril Bainbridge, Australian singer-songwriter
- 1968 – Andy Cohen, American television host
- 1968 – Lester Green, American comedian and actor[57][58][59]
- 1969 – Kurt Abbott, American baseball player
- 1969 – Paulo Sérgio, Brazilian footballer
- 1969 – David Wheaton, American tennis player, radio host, and author
- 1970 – B Real, American rapper and actor
- 1971 – Kateřina Jacques, Czech translator and politician
- 1972 – Wayne Brady, American actor, comedian, game show host, and singer
- 1972 – Raúl Ibañez, American baseball player
- 1972 – Wentworth Miller, American actor and screenwriter
- 1973 – Marko Kristal, Estonian footballer and manager
- 1973 – Neifi Pérez, Dominican-American baseball player
- 1974 – Gata Kamsky, Russian-American chess player
- 1974 – Matt Serra, American mixed martial artist
- 1975 – Salvatore Scibona, American author
- 1976 – Earl Boykins, American basketball player
- 1976 – Martin Čech, Czech ice hockey player (died 2007)
- 1976 – Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira, Brazilian mixed martial artist and boxer
- 1976 –