June 8
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June 8 is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 206 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.[1]
- 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces as he heads for Rome.[2]
- 536 – Election of pope Silverius following the death of pope Agapetus I earlier that year.[3]
- 793 – Vikings raid the abbey at Lindisfarne in Northumbria, commonly accepted as the beginning of Norse activity in the British Isles.[4]
- 1042 – Edward the Confessor becomes King of England – the country's penultimate Anglo-Saxon king.[5]
- 1057 – The Byzantine general Isaac Komnenos is proclaimed Byzantine Emperor in opposition to reigning emperor Michael VI Bringas.[6]
- 1191 – English forces under King Richard I arrive in Acre, joining the already arrived French and German forces of the Third Crusade.[7]
1601–1900
[edit]- 1663 – Portuguese Restoration War: Portuguese victory at the Battle of Ameixial ensures Portugal's independence from Spain.[8]
- 1772 – Alexander Fordyce flees to France to avoid debt repayment, triggering the credit crisis of 1772 in the British Empire and the Dutch Republic.[9]
- 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Continental Army attackers are driven back at the Battle of Trois-Rivières.
- 1783 – Laki, a volcano in Iceland, begins an eight-month eruption which kills over 9,000 people and starts a seven-year famine.
- 1789 – James Madison introduces twelve proposed amendments to the United States Constitution in Congress.
- 1794 – Maximilien Robespierre inaugurates the French Revolution's new state religion, the Cult of the Supreme Being, with large organized festivals all across France.
- 1856 – A group of 194 Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the mutineers of HMS Bounty, arrives at Norfolk Island, commencing the Third Settlement of the Island.
- 1861 – American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union.
- 1862 – American Civil War: A Confederate victory by forces under General Stonewall Jackson at the Battle of Cross Keys, along with the Battle of Port Republic the next day, prevents Union forces from reinforcing General George B. McClellan in his Peninsula campaign.
- 1867 – Coronation of Franz Joseph as King of Hungary following the Austro-Hungarian compromise (Ausgleich).
- 1887 – Herman Hollerith applies for US patent #395,781 for the 'Art of Compiling Statistics', which was his punched card calculator.
1901–present
[edit]- 1906 – Theodore Roosevelt signs the Antiquities Act into law, authorizing the President to restrict the use of certain parcels of public land with historical or conservation value.
- 1924 – British Mount Everest expedition:[10] British mountaineers Andrew Irvine and George Mallory go missing.
- 1928 – Second Northern Expedition: The National Revolutionary Army captures Beijing, whose name is changed to Beiping ("Northern Peace").[11]
- 1929 – Margaret Bondfield is appointed Minister of Labour. She is the first woman appointed to the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.[12]
- 1940 – World War II: The completion of Operation Alphabet, the evacuation of Allied forces from Narvik at the end of the Norwegian campaign.
- 1941 – World War II: The Allies commence the Syria–Lebanon Campaign against the possessions of Vichy France in the Levant.
- 1942 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy submarines I-21 and I-24 shell the Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle.
- 1943 – World War II: The two-day Battle of Porta between the Royal Italian Army and the Greek People's Liberation Army begins.[13]
- 1949 – George Orwell's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is published in the United States[14]
- 1953 – An F5 tornado hits Beecher, Michigan, United States, killing 116, injuring 844, and destroying 340 homes.
- 1953 – The United States Supreme Court rules in District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. that restaurants in Washington, D.C., cannot refuse to serve black patrons.
- 1959 – USS Barbero and the United States Postal Service attempt the delivery of mail via Missile Mail.
- 1961 – Marriage of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent to Katharine Worsley at York Minster.[15]
- 1966 – An F-104 Starfighter collides with XB-70 Valkyrie prototype no. 2, destroying both aircraft during a photo shoot near Edwards Air Force Base. Joseph A. Walker, a NASA test pilot, and Carl Cross, a United States Air Force test pilot, are both killed.
- 1966 – Topeka, Kansas, United States is devastated by a tornado that registers as an "F5" on the Fujita scale, exceeding US$200 million in damages. Seventeen people are killed, over five hundred more injured, and thousands of homes damaged or destroyed.[16]
- 1967 – Six-Day War: The USS Liberty incident: A United States Navy spy ship is attacked by the Israeli Air Force and Navy, resulting in 34 deaths and 171 wounded.[17]
- 1968 – James Earl Ray, the man who assassinated Martin Luther King Jr. is arrested at London Heathrow Airport.[18]
- 1972 – Vietnam War: Nine-year-old Phan Thị Kim Phúc is burned by napalm, an event captured in a photograph moments later while the young girl is seen running naked down a road, in what would become an iconic, Pulitzer Prize-winning photo.
- 1982 – Bluff Cove Air Attacks during the Falklands War: Fifty-six British servicemen are killed by an Argentine air attack on two landing ships, RFA Sir Galahad and RFA Sir Tristram.
- 1982 – VASP Flight 168 crashes in Pacatuba, Ceará, Brazil, killing 128 people.[19]
- 1983 – Reeve Aleutian Airways Flight 8 loses one of its propellers in flight resulting in damage to the flight controls. The Lockheed L-188 Electra makes an emergency landing at Anchorage International Airport and there are no injuries.[20]
- 1984 – Homosexuality is decriminalized in the Australian state of New South Wales.
- 1987 – New Zealand's Labour government establishes a national nuclear-free zone under the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987.
- 1992 – The first World Oceans Day is celebrated, coinciding with the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 1992 – GP Express Airlines Flight 861 crashes on approach to Anniston Regional Airport in Anniston, Alabama, killing three.[21]
- 1995 – Downed U.S. Air Force pilot Captain Scott O'Grady is rescued by U.S. Marines in Bosnia.
- 2001 – Mamoru Takuma kills eight and injures 15 in a mass stabbing at an elementary school in the Osaka Prefecture of Japan.[22]
- 2004 – The first Venus Transit in well over a century takes place, the previous one being in 1882.
- 2007 – Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, is hit by the State's worst storms and flooding in 30 years, resulting in the death of nine people and the grounding of a trade ship, the MV Pasha Bulker.[23]
- 2007 – Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on STS-117 carrying two truss segments and solar arrays to the International Space Station.[24]
- 2008 – Seven people are killed and 11 more are injured in a massacre in Akihabara.[25]
- 2023 – Former US President Donald Trump is indicted on federal charges of misusing classified information.[26]
Births
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 862 – Emperor Xizong of Tang (died 888)[27][28]
- 1508 – Primož Trubar, Slovenian Protestant reformer (died 1586)
- 1593 – George I Rákóczi, prince of Transylvania (died 1648)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1625 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian-French mathematician and astronomer (died 1712)
- 1651 – William Dampier, explorer, navigator and buccaneer (died 1715)[29]
- 1671 – Tomaso Albinoni, Italian violinist and composer (died 1751)
- 1717 – John Collins, American lawyer and politician, 3rd Governor of Rhode Island (died 1795)[30]
- 1724 – John Smeaton, English engineer, designed the Coldstream Bridge and Perth Bridge (died 1794)
- 1745 – Caspar Wessel, Norwegian-Danish mathematician and cartographer (died 1818)
- 1757 – Ercole Consalvi, Italian cardinal (died 1824)
- 1776 – Thomas Rickman, English architect and architectural antiquary (died 1841)[31]
- 1788 – Charles A. Wickliffe, American politician, 14th Governor of Kentucky (died 1869)
- 1810 – Robert Schumann, German composer and critic (died 1856)[32]
- 1829 – John Everett Millais, English painter and illustrator (died 1896)[33]
- 1831 – Thomas J. Higgins, Canadian-American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (died 1917)
- 1842 – John Q. A. Brackett, American lawyer and politician, 36th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1918)
- 1851 – Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval, French physician and physicist (died 1940)
- 1852 – Guido Banti, Italian physician and pathologist (died 1925)
- 1854 – Douglas Cameron, Canadian politician, 8th Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (died 1921)
- 1855 – George Charles Haité, English painter and illustrator (died 1924)
- 1858 – Charlotte Scott, English mathematician (died 1931)[34]
- 1860 – Alicia Boole Stott, Irish-English mathematician and theorist (died 1940)[35]
- 1867 – Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect, designed the Price Tower and Fallingwater (died 1959)
- 1868 – Robert Robinson Taylor, American architect (died 1942)[36]
- 1872 – Jan Frans De Boever, Belgian painter and illustrator (died 1949)
- 1876 – Alexandre Tuffère, Greek-French triple jumper (died 1958)
- 1878 – Evan Roberts, Welsh Revivalist minister (died 1951)[37]
- 1885 – Karl Genzken, German physician (died 1957)
- 1891 – William Funnell, Australian public servant (died 1962)
- 1893 – Ernst Marcus, German zoologist (died 1968)
- 1893 – Gaby Morlay, French actress (died 1964)
- 1894 – Erwin Schulhoff, Czech composer and pianist (died 1942)
- 1895 – Santiago Bernabéu, Spanish footballer and manager (died 1978)
- 1897 – John G. Bennett, English mathematician and technologist (died 1974)
- 1899 – Eugène Lapierre, Canadian organist, composer and arts administrator (died 1970)
- 1899 – Ernst-Robert Grawitz, German physician and SS officer, facilitator of medical experiments on concentration camp inmates (died 1945)[38]
- 1899 – Noel Wien, Founded Wien Air Alaska (died 1977)[39]
- 1900 – Lena Baker, African-American maid executed for capital murder, later pardoned posthumously (died 1945)[40]
1901–present
[edit]- 1903 – Ralph Yarborough, American lawyer and politician (died 1996)
- 1903 – Marguerite Yourcenar, Belgian-French author and poet (died 1987)[41]
- 1910 – John W. Campbell, American journalist and author (died 1971)[42]
- 1910 – Fernand Fonssagrives, French-American photographer, sculptor, and painter (died 2003)
- 1911 – Edmundo Rivero, Argentine singer-songwriter (died 1986)
- 1912 – Wilhelmina Barns-Graham, British abstract painter (died 2004)
- 1912 – Maurice Bellemare, Canadian lawyer and politician (died 1989)
- 1912 – Harry Holtzman, American painter (died 1987)[43]
- 1915 – Seán McCaughey, Irish Republican Army leader, died on hunger strike (died 1946)[44]
- 1915 – Kayyar Kinhanna Rai, Indian journalist, author, and poet (died 2015)
- 1916 – Francis Crick, English biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2004)[45]
- 1916 – Luigi Comencini, Italian director and screenwriter (died 2007)
- 1916 – Richard Pousette-Dart, American painter and educator (died 1992)
- 1917 – Byron White, American football player, lawyer and judge (died 2002)[46]
- 1918 – George Edward Hughes, Irish-New Zealand philosopher and logician (died 1994)
- 1918 – Robert Preston, American actor and singer (died 1987)
- 1918 – John D. Roberts, American chemist and academic (died 2016)[47]
- 1919 – John R. Deane, Jr., American general (died 2013)
- 1920 – Gwen Harwood, Australian poet and playwright (died 1995)
- 1921 – Gordon McLendon, American broadcaster and businessman (died 1986)
- 1921 – Olga Nardone, American actress (died 2010)
- 1921 – LeRoy Neiman, American painter (died 2012)
- 1921 – Alexis Smith, Canadian-born American actress and singer (died 1993)
- 1921 – Suharto, Indonesian soldier and politician, 2nd President of Indonesia (died 2008)
- 1923 – Alice Coleman, English geographer (directed UK Land Use Survey) England (died 2023)[48]
- 1924 – Billie Dawe, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (died 2013)
- 1924 – Kenneth Waltz, American political scientist and academic (died 2013)[49]
- 1925 –